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Energy and Life

Energy and Life. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration. Auto trophic Organisms. Use light energy to make their own food Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living things All plants, some Protists, some bacteria. Hetero trophic Organisms.

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Energy and Life

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  1. Energy and Life Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

  2. Autotrophic Organisms • Use light energy to make their own food • Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living things • All plants, some Protists, some bacteria

  3. Heterotrophic Organisms • CANNOT use light energy to make food • Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their food • Animals, fungi, protists

  4. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells • ATP: • Adenosine TriPhosphate • How many phosphates in ATP? • 3; “Tri” means 3! • Main source of cell’s energy • “Fully charged” battery • Energy stored in BONDS btw. phosphates

  5. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells • ADP: • Adenosine DiPhosphate • How many phosphates in ADP? • 2; “Di” means 2! • ADP becomes ATP by adding a P • “Half-charged” battery

  6. ATP Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg&feature=related • Energy released from ATP when it loses a phosphate (use the battery) ATP ADP + ENERGY • Energy (FROM BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE) is used to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (charge the battery) ADP ATP LOSE A PHOSPHATE ENERGY + PHOSPHATE

  7. Photosynthesis: The basics • Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose • Occurs in autotrophs • In which organelle? • Chloroplasts • Pigment: • Substance that has the ability to absorb light waves • What pigment is involved in photosynthesis? • Chlorophyll

  8. Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll • Sun emits energy in different wavelengths • The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it has • According to chart, which wavelength is shortest? • VIOLET! • Chlorophyll ABSORBS violet, and REFLECTS green!

  9. Photosynthesis: The Reaction • What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to occur? • Water, CO2, sunlight energy • What are the products of photosynthesis? • Glucose and O2 • The Formula: H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2 (WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE)  (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN) LIGHT ENERGY

  10. Photosynthesis: Guard Cells • Guard cells are located on the bottom of leaves • Guard cells regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leaf • When guard cells are open: • Carbon dioxide can move in freely • Oxygen can move out freely • Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying up • During humid conditions • When guard cells are closed: • Photosynthesis rates slow down • Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss • During dry conditions

  11. Draw the Guard cells below:

  12. Photosynthesis: The Song Sung to “Brother John” Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Dioxide) Add water and light (Add water and light) Then we photosynthesize (Then we photosynthesize) Glucose and oxygen (Glucose and oxygen)

  13. Cellular Respiration: The basics • Breaking down glucose to make ATP • Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living things need to make ATP!) • In which organelle? • Mitochondria! • Occurs in different pathways • Depends on presence of Oxygen

  14. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic • Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen • What are the reactants? • Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2) • The process: • Starts with ADP already in cells • Energy released from glucoseattaches a phosphate to make ATP! • What are the end products? • 32 ATP (energy),CO2, H2O

  15. Cellular Respiration: The Reaction C6H12O6 + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)  (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER)

  16. Cellular Respiration: The Song Sung to “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” Res-Res-Respiration Uses Oxygen To breakdown Glucose to make ATP And Carbon Dioxide

  17. Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic • What if there is a lack of oxygen? • Can you think of times when you aren’t getting enough oxygen? • During exercise! • Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria GLUCOSE  2 PYRUVIC ACID  2 LACTIC ACID • Called FERMENTATION • Animals = Produce Lactic Acid • Plants = Produce Alcohol • Results in much less energy produced!

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