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Notes One Unit Two

Notes One Unit Two. Balancing chemical equations. Making Tricycles. Tricycles are constructed from two components… Frame…. F Wheel… W FW 3. F 2. W 4. Automated Tricycle Assembly. _____ F 2 + _____ W 4  _____ FW 3 F= F= W= W=. 2. 3. 4. 4. 4. 12. 12.

ariana-finley
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Notes One Unit Two

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  1. Notes One Unit Two Balancing chemical equations

  2. Making Tricycles • Tricycles are constructed from two components… • Frame…. F • Wheel… W • FW3 F2 W4

  3. Automated Tricycle Assembly • _____F2+ _____W4 _____FW3 F= F= W= W= 2 3 4 4 4 12 12

  4. Balancing Chemical Reactions 1 3 2 6 6 • 1)______I2 +______N2 ______NI3 • I= I= • N= N= • 2)______S8 +______Fe______Fe2S3 • S= S= • Fe = Fe= • 3)______Hg2O______Hg +______O2 • Hg= Hg= • O= O= 2 2 3 16 8 24 24 16 16 2 4 1 4 4 2 2

  5. Notes Two Unit Two Writing Chemical Equations Qualitative Information Quantitative Information Reactants and products Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

  6. Qualitative Information gas Cl2(g) S8(g) HCl(g) gas gas Solid, Liquid, gaseous or dissolved Chemicals. Br2(l) liquid Cu(l) HCl(aq) liquid dissolved H2(g) gas gas O2(g) Fe+2(aq) dissolved N2(g) gas I2(c) Fe2O3(c) Solid Solid P4(s) Fe(s) NaCl(aq) dissolved Solid Solid

  7. Quantitative Information Subscripts How many atoms of an element that are in a compound. Al= ? Two O = ? Nine Al2(CO3)3 C = ? Three

  8. Quantitative Information Coefficient How many molecules of a certain substance is present. Al= ? Six Al2(CO3)3= ? Three 3Al2(CO3)3 Twenty Seven O= ? C= ? Nine

  9. Reactant versus Products Products on Reactants on right of arrow. left of arrow. 2H2O  2H2 + O2 Reacts to form

  10. Things to Remember When making formulas from names… 1) The endings –ide, –ate, –ite cation and anion lists ( )_( )_ Sodium Dichromate Na2Cr2O7 1 Na+1 2 Cr2O7-2 ( )_( )_ Lead(IV) Sulfate Pb(SO4)2 4 Pb+4 2 SO4-2 2) The endings –ous acid or –ic acid acid list 3) common sense names: water H2O sulfur trioxide SO3 dinitrogen trioxide carbon dioxide CO2 N2O3 mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, octa, nona, deca 4) Otherwise I) Special Elementals II) Or periodic table

  11. Where Do We Find The Information For… oxygen… O2(g)… No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous Special elements, then Periodic table OF2… Common Sense, mono, di,… oxygen difluoride… iron(II) chloride… ends in ide…Cation/Anion FeCl2… Sulfur hexafluoride... SF6… Common Sense, mono, di,… hydrochloric acid… HCl… ends in -ic acid or -ous acid Iron metal…. Fe(s)… No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous Special elements, then Periodic table nitrogen…. N2(g)… No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous Special elements, then Periodic table

  12. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations • Step 1–Word Equation • Step 2 –Make Correct Formulas • Step 3 – Balancethe Equation

  13. Reaction Types • Combustion: hydrocarbon+ oxygen carbon dioxide + water C5H12(l) + 8O2(g)  5 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) 2) Synthesis: A + B  AB 4Sn(s) + S8(c)  4SnS2(s) 3) Decomposition: AB  A + B 2H2O(l)  2H2(g) + O2(g) 4) Single displacement: A + BC AC + B 2Al(s) + 6H2O(l)  2Al(OH)3(aq) + 3H2(g) 5) Double displacement: AB + CD AD + CB AgNO3(aq) + KI(aq) AgI(s) + KNO3(aq) 6) Acid-base: acid + Base  Water + Salt 6HCl(aq) + 2Al(OH)3(s) 6H2O(l) + 2AlCl3(aq) more to one one to more Single element

  14. Writing Balancing A Lead(IV) nitrate solid decomposes.  Lead solid + Nitrogen gas + Oxygen gas Lead(IV) Nitrate Cation/Anion Special Element Special Element Special Element Periodic Table Periodic Table Periodic Table ( )_( )_ 4 Pb+4 1 NO3-1 1 1 Pb(s) + 2 N2(g) + 6 O2(g) Pb(NO3)4(s)  Pb= 1 Pb= 1 4 4 N= N= O= 12 O= 12

  15. Silver nitrate solution is mixed with aluminum bromide solution. Reaction type???? Double displacement silver bromide aluminum nitrate + silver nitrate  aluminum bromide + Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions ( )_( )_ Al+3 NO3-1 ( )_( )_ Ag+1 Br-1 ( )_( )_ Ag+1 NO3-1 ( )_( )_ Al+3 Br-1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 AgNO3 1 3 + AlBr3 1 Al(NO3) 3 + AgBr 3  3 Ag= Ag= O= O= N= N= Al= Al= Br= Br= 3 9 9 3 3 1 1 3 3

  16. Iron(III) oxide is mixed with aluminum powder. Single displacement Reaction type???? Iron(III) oxide + aluminum solid + iron solid aluminum oxide  Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Special elements or periodic table Special elements or periodic table ( )_( )_ Al+3 O-2 Fe ( )_( )_ Fe+3 O-2 Al 2 2 3 3 Fe2O3(s) 2 1 + Al(s) 1 Al2O3(s) + Fe(s) 2  Fe= Fe= O= O= Al= Al= 2 2 3 3 2 2

  17. Iron(III) sulfate solid is made by reacting solid sulfur with iron(III) oxide and oxygen gas. Synthesis Reaction type???? iron(III) oxide solid + iron(III) sulfate solid oxygen gas + sulfur solid  Cations/Anions Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Special elements or periodic table Special elements or periodic table O2 ( )_( )_ Fe+3 SO4-2 ( )_( )_ Fe+3 O-2 S8 3 2 2 3 Fe2O3(s) 3 8 + S8(s) 36 O2(g)  Fe2(SO4)3(s) 8 + 16 Fe= Fe= O= O= S= S= 16 24 + 72 96 24 24

  18. Ethyl ether(C2H6O) burns. Combustion Reaction type???? water Ethyl ether + Carbon dioxide gas + oxygen gas  No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… has mono, di, tri,… ???????? Special elements or periodic table Common sense Common Sense CO2(g) H2O(l) C2H6O O2(g) C2H6O 3 1 + O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + H2O(l) 3  C= C= H= H= O= O= 2 2 6 6 6 4 + 3 1 +

  19. Anthracene burns. anthracene + oxygen gas water + Carbon dioxide gas  CO2(g) H2O(l) C14H10 O2(g) C14H10 1 + O2(g) 14 CO2(g) + H2O(l) 16.5 5  C= C= H= H= O= O= 14 14 10 10 28 + 33 5 C14H10 33 2 + O2(g) 28 CO2(g) + H2O(l) 10 

  20. Reaction Type….? • Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g) • Single Displacement • 4Fe(c) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(c) • Synthesis • 2Ag2O(c) 4Ag(c) + O2(g) • Decomposition • Ca(OH)2(aq)+ H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(c)+ 2H2O(l) • Double Displacement • Cu(c) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(c) • Single Displacement • Mg(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq)H2O(l) + Mg3(PO4)2(aq) • Double Displacement • Zn(s)+ AgNO3(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s) • Single Displacement • HNO3(aq)+ Ni (s) Ni(NO3)2(aq)+ H2(g) • Single Displacement • C5H12(l)+ O2(g)  CO2(g)+ H2O(l) • Combustion

  21. Review Lab and Quiz Notes

  22. Lab Decomposition Reaction Copper(II) carbonate solid decomposes. We saw green powder turned black and the lime water turned white. copper(II) oxide  carbon dioxide gas copper(II) carbonate + Cation/Anion Cation/Anion mono, di, tri,…. Common sense name ( )_( )_ ( )_( )_ 2 2 Cu+2 2 CO3-2 Cu+2 2 O-2 1 1 CuO(s) + 1 CO2(g) CuCO3(s)  Cu= 1 Cu= 1 1 1 C= C= 2 O= 3 O= 1 +

  23. Lab Double Displacement Reaction Silver nitrate solution is mixed with potassium chromate solution. silver nitrate  silver chromate + Potassium chromate Potassium nitrate + Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions ( )_( )_ CrO4-2 1 Ag+1 ( )_( )_ K+1 NO3-1 ( )_( )_ Ag+1 NO3-1 ( )_( )_ K+1 CrO4-2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 AgNO3 1 2 + K2CrO4 2 KNO3 + Ag2CrO4 1  2 Ag= Ag= O= O= N= N= K= K= Cr= Cr= 2 6 +__ 4 6 __+ 4 2 2 2 2 1 1

  24. Lab Synthesis Reaction Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced Magnesium oxide solid + Oxygen gas  Magnesium solid Cation/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Special Element Special Element ( )_( )_ 2 Mg+2 2 O-2 Periodic Table Periodic Table 2 1 O2(g)  MgO(s) Mg(s) + 2 Mg= 2 Mg= 2 2 2 O= O=

  25. Lab Synthesis Reaction Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced Magnesium nitride solid + nitrogen gas  Magnesium solid No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Cation/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Special Element Special Element ( )_( )_ 2 Mg+2 3 N-3 Periodic Table Periodic Table 3 1 N2(g)  Mg3N2 (s) Mg(s) + 1 Mg= 3 Mg= 3 2 2 N= N=

  26. Lab Single Displacement Reaction Hydrochloric acid is mixed with zinc solid. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc solid + hydrogen gas zinc chloride  Common Acids No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,… Special elements or periodic table Special elements or periodic table ( )_( )_ Zn+2 Cl-1 1 2 HCl(aq) 2 + Zn(s) 1 ZnCl2(s) + H2(g) 1  1 H= H= Cl= Cl= Zn= Zn= 2 2 2 2 1 1

  27. CONCLUSIONS AND QUESTIONS: • Why did the mass increase during the burning of the magnesium in part A? • What is the difference between a physicalreaction and a chemical reaction? Oxygen and nitrogen from the air combined with the magnesium. This caused the weight to increase. An example of a physical change is water ice(H2O) melting to liquid water(H2O). An example of a chemical change is 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + 1O2(g). Formulas change in a chemical reaction.

  28. Acetone burns. water + oxygen gas + Acetone Carbon dioxide gas  C3H6O 4 1 + O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + H2O(l) 3  C= C= H= H= O= O= 3 3 6 6 1 +__ 8 6 + __ 3

  29. Reaction Types Single Displacement Synthesis Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) 4Fe(c) + 3O2(g)  2Fe2O3(c) 2Ag2O(c)  4Ag(c) + O2(g) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(c) + 2H2O(l) Cu(c)+ 2AgNO3(aq)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+ 2Ag(c) C5H12(l) + 8O2(g)  5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) BaCO3(s) + C(s) + H2O(l)  2CO(g) + Ba(OH)2(s) Decomposition Acid/Base Single Displacement Combustion ??????

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