Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with Equine Herpes Virus 5 in an aged Alpaca

1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with Equine Herpes Virus 5 in an aged Alpaca Dr. Fred Williams III, DVM Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab College of Vet Med University of Missouri Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

2. Signalment • 18 year old female alpaca • Herd of 40 alpacas separated by age, sex, and reproductive status • All groups have fenceline contact Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

3. History • Recent history of travel to large alpaca exhibition • Total of 14 animals, females and crias affected • Lightly affected resolved spontaneously • More severely affected treated with Excenel for four days. • One of the severely affected animals died 10 days after clinical signs developed Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

4. Necropsy findings • Diffuse fibrinosuppurative pneumonia • Widespread interlobular emphysema and multiple pulmonary bulla • Marked enlargement of hilar lymph nodes • Splenic hematomas • Renal infarction Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

5. Histolopathology • Fibrosis of alveolar septa • Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia • Pneumonia Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

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11. Ancillary tests • Bacterial cultures were not recognized respiratory pathogens • Serratia proteamaculans • Aceinetobacter calcoaeticus lwoffi • PCR examination • Positive for herpesvirus • Negative for Bluetongue or BVD • Virus isolation was negative • Most likely due to poor cell line. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

12. Herpesvirus • Sequencing of the amplification product produced 97% homology with reported sequences derived from Equine herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) • Herdmates are seronegative for EHV-1 and BHV-1, which have been reported in camelids • EHV-1 => neurological signs and blindness1 • BHV-1 => fatal pneumonia2 • 1 House JA, Gregg DA, Lubroth j, et al. Experimental equine herpesvirus-1 infection in llamas (Lama glama). J Vet Diag Invest 1991; 2:137-143 • 2 Williams JR, Evermann RF, Beede ES et al. Association of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in a llama with bronchopneumonia. J Vet Diag Invest 1991; 3258-260 Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

13. Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Alpacas (ARS) • Also referred to as “snots” • Mucopurulent nasal discharge • Pneumonia and respiratory failure • First noted in July 2007 • Throughout the US (CA, WA, OR, and New England area) • Typically following return from shows Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

14. ARS (cont’d) • Morbidity can reach 100% • Mortality ranges from 0 – 75% • Most commonly moderate, self-limiting disease • No etiology is currently identified Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

15. Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis • Similar presentation in equines • Associated with Equine herpesvirus-53 • 3 Williams KJ, Maes R, Del Piero A, et al. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: A newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. Vet Path 2007; 44:849-862. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

16. Questions? Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only