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Chemistry Midterm Review: Bonds, Mixtures, and Density

Review key concepts such as ionic and covalent bonds, separation techniques, types of mixtures, and density formula for your upcoming chemistry midterm. Practice sample questions for better understanding.

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Chemistry Midterm Review: Bonds, Mixtures, and Density

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  1. Midterm Review Day 4 Do Now: Have out your HW, reference tables, and calculator

  2. 1. 2 Types of Bonds: Ionic and Covalent *Atoms form bonds to develop a full valence shell and become stable. *In an ionic bond, metals transfer electrons to non-metals. *In a covalent bond, non-metal atoms share electrons. *Polyatomic ions contain covalent bonds but can participate in an ionic bond. Sample Question: Which choice contains both ionic and covalent bonds? (a) LiCl (c) Au (b) OH (d) NaOH

  3. 3. 3 Separation Techniques – Crystallization, Filtration, and Distillation Filtration– A filter separates a liquid from a solid, like sand and water Crystallization– separates a solid and liquid in homogeneous mixture, like salt and water, NaCl(aq) Distillation – separates two liquids, such as two oils, or water and alcohol Sample Question: Which separation technique can separate liquid samples of two hydrocarbons that boil at different temperatures?

  4. 4. Two types of mixtures: Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous *Homogenous mixtures contain a compound, usually an ionic compound, completely dissolved in a solution (usually a liquid) Sample Question: Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? (1) MgCl (s) (3) MgCl (g) (2) MgCl (l) (4) MgCl (aq)

  5. 5. The density formula – D= mass/volume The density of a substance equals its mass divided by its volume. Density is a physical property and is found on Table S for the elements. ***To solve for volume, set up and solve a proportion. (This will be on your midterm) Sample Question: Calculate the volume of a 10-gram sample of sulfur. (Sulfur has a density of 2 g/cm3)

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