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atherosclerosis

Hardening and “ fattying ” of the arteries “- scler -” = “hardening” (same as in multiple sclerosis) Atheroma = plaque buildup within artery wall important because of what it usually leads to: cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke)

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atherosclerosis

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  1. Hardening and “fattying” of the arteries “-scler-” = “hardening” (same as in multiple sclerosis) Atheroma = plaque buildup within artery wall important because of what it usually leads to: cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke) Everyone’s arteries naturally harden somewhat as they age Greatly accelerated in atherosclerosis Further hardening from smoking Further narrowing from smoking, stress Narrower and harder arteries  hypertension Happens in arteries all over body atherosclerosis

  2. LDL • Low Density Lipoprotein • “Lousy” • Carries cholesterol from liver out into bloodstream • Cholesterol now circulates in bloodstream • HDL • High Density Lipoprotein • “Healthy” • Carries cholesterol from blood TO liver • Cholesterol now “safely locked up” in liver

  3. white blood cells squeezing in between the cells of the artery wall

  4. white blood cells tries to destroy/engulf cholesterol

  5. foam cells – white blood cells – absorb fats -- packed so full of fat that they appear foamy (Causes plaque to enlarge even more)

  6. Atherosclerosis process Cholesterol deposits under artery wall; becomes plaque Plaque seen as infection White blood cells squeeze into artery wall WBC try to devour plaque WBC enlarge and become “foam cells” This calls further WBC (vicious cycle) Plaque enlarges even faster Rupture membrane Clotting heart attack, stroke, angina pectoris

  7. Threshold level: heart attack likely Risk High cholesterol; plaque buildup WBC infiltration; foam cells; plaque expansion Rupture, clotting Time (years)

  8. two main treatments for atherosclerotic arteries: • balloon angioplasty • thread balloon into artery fibroscopically • inflate balloon at blockage • deflate balloon and remove • stent insertion • fibroscopically insert stent • leave it in place – it holds artery open

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