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War with Mexico

War with Mexico. Chapter 9 Section 4. I Polk Urges War. Hostilities over US annexation may have been resolved peacefully if not for instability of Mexican gov’t & urging for war by US pres. Polk Pres. Polk believed war w/ Mexico would bring Texas, NM, & Cali into the Union

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War with Mexico

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  1. War with Mexico Chapter 9 Section 4

  2. I Polk Urges War • Hostilities over US annexation may have been resolved peacefully if not for instability of Mexican gov’t & urging for war by US pres. Polk • Pres. Polk believed war w/ Mexico would bring Texas, NM, & Cali into the Union • Also supported Texas’ border claim up to the Rio Grande • Mexico claimed that the border was at the Nueces R.

  3. A. Slidell’s Rejection • Polk sends emissary to Mexico to purchase Cali & NM • Also to get Mexico’s approval to estab. Border at Rio Grande • Mexico refuses to receive US emissary • Polk sends Gen. Zachary Taylor to Rio Grande & blockade river • Polk hoped it would provoke aggression from Mexico & give excuse for war • Mexico views this as violation of terr. Rights but takes no action

  4. B. Sectional Attitudes Towards War • Southern Whigs do not agree w/ Pols attitude towards war • However, many Southerners saw Texas as an opp. To extend slavery & increase S power in Congress • Wilmot Proviso (1846) forbade slavery in states that migt be gained from Mexico • This attack on slavery united support for war because it turned debate on war into debate on slavery

  5. II the War Begins • American mil. Sends soldiers into Salinas Valley in Cali which was another violation of territorial rights • Mexico sends troops across the Rio Grande • Mexican’s kill 11 US soldiersPolk send war message to congresscongress declares war

  6. A. Kearny Marches West • Polk plans to seize NM and sends Kearny to Sante Fe, NM • They were met by a NM gov’t who wanted to join the USNM falls to US w/o a shot • Continued to Cali

  7. B. The Bear Flag Republic • Mexican settlers had to Cali setting up cattle ranches • By mid 1840s Amer. Also began settling in Cali • Americans, led by Fremont, seized town of Sonoma and hoisted a flag that featered a grizzly bear • Declared their indep. From Mexico and proclaimed the nation the Bear Flag Republic

  8. C. War in Mexico • Amer. Mil. Lead by Robert E. Lee & Captain Ulysses S. Grant won victory over victory in Mexico • Due to poor Mexican leadership • Attack & capture Monterey • Polk makes deal w. Santa Anna who was living in exile in Cuba • Polk would help Santa Anna sneak back into Mexico and end war • Polk agreed but resumed the presidency and takes command of army • Santa Anna launches a failed attack & gets pushed backAmer. Take Veracruz • Troops set off for Santa Anna which they capture on Sept 14

  9. III American Claims the Spoils of WarA. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • US and Mexico sign Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico agrees to border at Rio Grand & cedes Cali & NM to US • US pays 15 mil for Mexican cession (present day Cali, Nevada, NM, Utah, & most of Arizona) • Gadsen Purchase= 10 mil for another piece of land

  10. C. The California Gold Rush • Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill & word spread quickly • Word reached San Frantownspeople hurry to Sacramento Valley • As word traveled east and around the world migration to Cali took off • Forty-Niners= prospectors who flocked to Cali in 1849 gold rush • Cities in California began to grow quickly bringing Cali to the pop # needed to apply as state • Made a constitution that outlawed slaverybecame another argument point in slavery debate

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