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Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Systems: Structure and Applications

This lecture covers the fundamentals of microprocessors, their role as semiconductor integrated circuits that provide computational capabilities in computer systems. It explores their functioning—executing arithmetic and logic operations, managing memory and I/O, and their application in decision-making and process control. We also discuss the historical evolution from early electronic computers using vacuum tubes to modern microprocessors, emphasizing Moore's Law's impact on transistor development. The course outlines the core concepts of microprocessor architecture, memory technologies, input/output interfacing, and the relevance of microprocessors in operating systems and embedded technology.

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Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Systems: Structure and Applications

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture 1 Microprocessors and Computer Systems

  2. What is a microprocessor? • It’s a semiconductor IC • Provides the pseudointelligence of a system • Performing arithmetic and logic ops • Reading data from and writing data to memory and I/O • Perform step-by-step procedure • Implement as a CPU in a computer system • Used for any application requiring decision capability and/or process control

  3. Von Neumann’s Model Input Memory CPU Output Stored-program computer model

  4. Before Microprocessor Era u v • 1940s (first gen. of electrical digital computers) • Vacuum tubes • Late 1950s & early 1960s • Transistors • Post-1960 • ICs • Along came microprocessors… • More information  wikipedia (topic: “History of computing hardware”) w 1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/RCA12ax7.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Transistor-photo.JPG 3. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/images/c01356.jpg

  5. Physical aspect of Microprocessors • Small size of die • Contain millions of transistors (and counting…) http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/lehre/vlsis/2002/chip/chip_bilder/gleu/chip1.jpg

  6. Moore’s Law u v • Gordon E. Moore (Co-founder of Intel) • Getting double the number of transistors in every 24 months (with minimum cost) • Get more info from Intel’s website(recommended) 1. http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/pix/ml_img.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Wgsimonmooreslaw001.jpg

  7. MPU development (case study of Intel) • http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_micro/hof/tspecs.htm

  8. Why do we study this stuff? Applications Operating Systems Computer System (CPU rules)

  9. Course Outline (revisit) • Microprocessors & Computer Systems • Microprocessor Architecture • Instruction Set • Memory Technology & Interfacing • MMU, Cache Memory Input Memory CPU Output

  10. Course Outline (revisit) • Input/Output & interfacing • Interrupts • DMA • Modern microprocessors • Embedded technology • Discussion on microprocessors Input Memory CPU Output

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