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Chapter 8 APUSH Mrs. Price

Chapter 8 APUSH Mrs. Price. “Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.” - Mahatma Gandhi. Aftermath of War of 1812: The American System. Proposed by Henry Clay (KY) Purpose: encourage economic growth of US and reduce dependency on Europe 3 Parts:

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Chapter 8 APUSH Mrs. Price

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  1. Chapter 8 APUSHMrs. Price “Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.” - Mahatma Gandhi

  2. Aftermath of War of 1812: The American System • Proposed by Henry Clay (KY) • Purpose: encourage economic growth of US and reduce dependency on Europe • 3 Parts: 1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements (roads & canals)

  3. Aftermath of War of 1812 • Stimulated growth of manufacturing 1. Francis Cabot Lowell: Waltham, MA (1813) 2. 1816: Protective tariff passed to help new industries

  4. Exposed weakness of financial system 1. 2nd Bank of the US chartered in 1816 2. Had more capital than 1st Bank of US • Exposed weakness of transportation system 1. Resistance to using federal $ for roads & canals 2. States had to take care of internal improvements

  5. Western Expansion • West became fastest growing region • New states admitted: IN (1816), MS (1817), IL (1818), AL (1819) • Reasons: 1. Population & economic pressures in east 2. Availability of new land in west 3. Decline of Indian resistance

  6. Why did the Indians lose land? • Government pushed tribes further west • Treaties in 1815 forced Indians to give up more land • Government built chain of forts to protect the frontier • Government created the “factor system”

  7. 1816 Era of Good Feelings 1. Early years of Monroe’s administration 2. No international threats 3. Prosperous 4. Decline in partisanship Monroe’s Administration

  8. The Election of 1816

  9. US gets Florida • Andrew Jackson invades Florida to stop Indian raids (Seminole War) • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain ceded all of Florida & gave up its claim to territory in the Pacific NW, US gave up claims to Texas

  10. Panic of 1819 • Caused by land boom on frontier • Bank of US tightened credit & called in loans; state banks failed = financial panic • Depression, bankruptcies, & unemployment • Hit west hard – many blamed Bank of US

  11. Missouri Compromise (1820) • 1819: MO asked to be admitted as state • At the time: 11 free & 11 slave • Tallmadge Amendment: passed by House, defeated in Senate • Compromise • Henry Clay • MO admitted as slave state; ME as free state • Slavery was prohibited in rest of territory of Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30’ • Did not resolve anything – just postponed fight

  12. John Marshall – chief Justice of Supreme Court (1801-1835) Federalist Strengthened power of judiciary, federal government, & propertied & commercial classes The Marshall Court

  13. Significant Cases of the Marshall Court • Fletcher v. Peck (1810) 1. Case involved land fraud case in GA 2. Marshall ruled that a state could not pass laws invalidating a contract; protected property rights 3. 1st time S.Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional

  14. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) 1. NH tried to convert private college to state 2. Court upheld colonial contract • Cohens v. Virginia (1821) 1. Dispute over selling lottery tickets 2. Marshall asserted right of S. Court to review decisions of state courts

  15. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 1. Maryland tried to tax branch of Bank of US 2. Issue: did Congress have the power to create a bank? 3. Marshall ruled federal government had implied powers to create a bank 4. State could not tax a federal institution; Federal laws are supreme over state laws

  16. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 1. Issue: could NY grant a monopoly to a steamboat co. if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress? 2. Marshall ruled Congress alone could control interstate commerce

  17. The Court & Indian Tribes • Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) • Worcester v. Georgia (1831-1832)

  18. Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Non-colonization of the Americas • Nonintervention in the Americas • Other countries should stay out of the Americas

  19. Election of 1824 • 4 main candidates: A. Jackson, H. Clay, W. Crawford, & J.Q. Adams • Jackson received most popular votes, not majority of electoral

  20. Election of 1824

  21. House of R. had to choose between top 3 1. Clay eliminated (not in top 3) but he was Speaker of House 2. Crawford eliminated because he had a stroke 3. Clay supported Adams who was selected by House 4. Adams appointed Clay Sec. of State (“Corrupt Bargain”)

  22. John Quincy Adams • Successful Sec. of State • Fewer than 1/3 of voters had voted for him • Refused to use spoils system • Adams’ views were often out of step with nation

  23. Issue of Tariffs • 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”: increased tariffs on raw materials & manufactured goods • Issue created regional conflict

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