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Understanding Classification: Taxonomy and the Science of Organizing Living Things

Classification is the process of grouping entities based on shared characteristics. In biology, this involves the taxonomy of living organisms, facilitating understanding of their traits and relationships. The binomial nomenclature devised by Carolus Linnaeus gives each species a two-part name, enhancing clarity in scientific communication. The levels of classification – from kingdom to species – help identify the connections between species. This structure not only aids in scientific study but also fosters an appreciation for biodiversity and the intricacies of life.

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Understanding Classification: Taxonomy and the Science of Organizing Living Things

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  1. Classification

  2. Classification • The process of grouping things based on their similarities.

  3. What do you think? • What are some things that you classify on a daily/weekly basis? • What kinds of things do you think scientists classify?

  4. Nom- • Latin for “A Name” • Cognomina – noun – a nickname

  5. Taxonomy • Study of how living things are classified • Knowing an organisms classification tells you a lot about its characteristics • Crow – bird – flies, has feathers, wings, hollow bones • Frog – amphibian – thin skin, lays eggs in water, double life

  6. Binomial Nomenclature • Carolus Linnaeus – 1750s • Grouped organisms based on observable features • Two-part scientific name: • binomial nomenclature – “two names”

  7. Genus and Species • Genus – a group of closely related organisms • Felis – domestic cats, jungle cat, sand cat • Canis – wolves, dogs, and dingos • Gallus – chickens and pheasants

  8. Species – a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring Horse + donkey = mule Mule + mule ≠ mule – therefore a horse and a donkey are not the same species Lion + tiger = liger Liger + liger ≠ liger therefore a lion and a tiger are not the same species

  9. Binomial NomenclatureTwo-part naming system • Genus species • Genus is in capitalized • Species is lower case

  10. Why use two parts?

  11. Why use latin and greek roots?

  12. Levels of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  13. A way to remember • King • Phillip • Came • Over • For • Good • Soup

  14. The more levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common • They are usually more closely related as well.

  15. What is the smallest taxonomic group that they all share? • What traits do you think that they share? • How are they different? • What is the largest taxonomic group that they all share? • What is the correct scientific name for each one?

  16. What is the smallest taxonomic group that they all share? • What traits do you think that they share? • How are they different? • What is the largest taxonomic group that they all share? • What is the correct scientific name for each one?

  17. What is the smallest taxonomic group that they all share? • What traits do you think that they share? • How are they different? • What is the largest taxonomic group that they all share? • What is the correct scientific name for each one?

  18. What is the smallest taxonomic group that they all share? • What traits do you think that they share? • How are they different? • What is the largest taxonomic group that they all share? • What is the correct scientific name for each one?

  19. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Genus Species Family

  20. House cat • Platypus lion Ability to purr Brown Bear Retractable claws Placenta Hair and mammary glands

  21. Hibiscus • Moss Pine tree Flowers Fern seeds Vascular tissue Ability to live on land

  22. Using a Dichotomous Key • http://www.lucidcentral.com/Keys173/WhatareKeys/DichotomousKeys/tabid/215/language/en-US/Default.aspx

  23. http://mrsmaine.wikispaces.com/dichotomous+key

  24. http://mrsmaineswiki.wikispaces.com/Hip-hip-hippopotomi

  25. http://scied.unl.edu/pages/preser/sec/skills/dkeys.html

  26. Domains and Kingdoms • Placement based on • Cell wall – yes/no – what is it made of? • cell type • Prokaryote – no nucleus or organelles • Eukaryote – nucleus and organelles • ability to make food • Autotroph -self -feeder - producer - photosynthesis • Heterotroph– other feeder - consumer • number of cells in their body • Unicellular • Multicellular

  27. 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms • Domain Archaea • Archaebacteria • Domain Bacteria • Eubacteria • Domain Eukarya • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

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