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Text Structures

Text Structures. 8 th Grade ELA RI 8.5 and RL 8.5. What does “text structure” mean?. When authors organize passages in certain ways to help readers better understand the text . Informational (how ideas are organized) Fiction (compare/contrast literature). Fiction.

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Text Structures

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  1. Text Structures 8th Grade ELA RI 8.5 and RL 8.5

  2. What does “text structure” mean? • When authors organize passages in certain ways to help readers better understand the text. • Informational (how ideas are organized) • Fiction (compare/contrast literature)

  3. Fiction • Compare and contrast literature • Analyzing the similarities and differences of the passages can help the reader have a broader understanding of literature. • Text structure of fiction includes literary elements such us characterization, setting, plot, and theme, as well as organizational devices such as foreshadowing and flashback.

  4. Informational Texts • Text features have an impact on how nonfiction text looks on the page and are important to guide us in reading through the text. • Nonfiction is usually written with specific, or specialized, text features and text structures. These text structures usually include helpful text cues or signal words.

  5. Nonfiction Text Features • Sub headings • Bullets • Fonts • White space • Charts/Diagrams/Pictures • Labels • Captions

  6. Common Text Structures for Nonfiction • In order to find out important information when reading nonfiction, it helps to identify the text structure, i.e., how ideas have been developed and organized within the text. • Cause and Effect • Problem and Solution • Question and Answer • Compare and Contrast • Description • Sequence/Chronology

  7. Nonfiction Cues/Signal Words Cause and Effect and Problem and Solution • CE: Why something happens is the cause. What happens because of the cause is the effect. • PS: The author’s purpose is to write about a problem and give a solution. • Because • Since • Therefore • Consequently • As a result • This led to • Nevertheless • If this….then • For this reason

  8. Question and Answer The author asks a question and then gives an answer. • How • What • When • Where • Why • How many?

  9. Compare and Contrast A comparison tells how things, people, places or events are alike. A contrast tells how they are different. • However • Like/unlike • Both • On the other hand • Although • Similarly • In contrast • As opposed to • Whereas

  10. Description All the facts and details make up the description part of nonfiction writing. There aren’t any specific text cues/signal words. Strong description depends on sensory details. • Five Senses • What we hear • What we see • What we feel • What we taste • What we touch

  11. Sequence/Chronology All the facts are arranged in a special sequence or are listed in chronological or time order. • Now/At the same time • After/following • Before • When • Since • Until • First/To begin with • Finally • In addition

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