Bell Work: Answer the questions below after the HWQ *What does the snake represent?

1. Bell Work: Answer the questions below after the HWQ *What does the snake represent? *What does the rabbit represent? *What is the snake going to do to the rabbit? *Why?

2. The Futile Search for Stability Chapter 17 Section 1

3. Objective • Explain how peace was temporary after WWI • League of Nations • Inflation in Germany • Failed attempts for peace

4. Problem with Peace: League of Nations • Wilson knew problems would arise • hoped League of Nations would help settle problems • Problem with the plan • US did not join • to avoid involvement in European affairs • Germany did not join • No real power

5. French Demands Treaty called for Reparations • Determined Germany owes 132 billion German marks • $33 billion US • First payment was in 1921 • 2nd payment never came • Germany could not pay more • France is furious • Occupied Ruhr Valley • Germany’s industrial and mining center • collect by taking profits

6. Inflation in Germany • Government adopted policy of passive resistance • Workers went on strike • Government prints more money to pay workers • Caused an inflation • Mark becomes worthless • 1914: 4.2 marks = $1 • 1923: 130 billion marks = $1 • Intensified: 4.2 TRILLION marks = $1

7. German Inflation

8. Solution: Dawes Plan • France and Germany want solution to the disaster • In 8/1924 Dawes Plan is introduced 1. Reduced reparations 2. Coordinated Germany’s ability to pay with payments 3. US Granted $200 million loan for Germany recovery • American investment begins in Europe • Alleviated problems for 5 years, until WHEN?

9. Dawes Plan Flow Chart What would happen if one of the parts “fell” out of the flow?

10. Kellogg-Briand Pact • Originally between France & the United states • American Sec of State Kellogg • Foreign minister Briand • 63 nations signed • Pledged to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy” • no consequences if they broke pact

11. Video Clip • The People’s Century • Lost Peace: 11 minutes (after 2 min of commercial) • Answer the following while watching the clip: • Describe how Europe was affected by WWI & the Treaty of Versailles. • Changes, events, etc.

12. Describe how Europe was affected by WWI & the Treaty of Versailles • Right at the end: People were happy/hopeful • Generation was traumatized by the warfare/trenches • Wilson’s hope / League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles – Germans were in dismay • Austria-Hungarian Empire is destroyed • New nations were created • Czech, Poland, Yugoslavia • League of Nations meets’ • US, Russia & Germany don’t attend • Germany almost completely disarmed • Other countries fail to comply with disarmament • Self-determination • Plebiscites (elections) are held • Refugees • from land changing hands • Germany angered • Land taken • Reparations • Inflation • unemployment • no pity from France/GB • Anti-War ~ Literature & movies

13. Bell Work • Pair share ideas from Video • Describe how Europe was affected by WWI & the Treaty of Versailles. • Changes, events, etc. • Share 3 ideas with 3 different people • Be ready to • Share with the class • Positive or negative??

14. Global Depression: Democracy is on the defensive

15. Objectives • Explain the causes of the Global Depression • Discuss the responses to the depression • Government responses • Explain Keynes’ theory

16. The Great Depression • Depression: A period characterized by low economic activity (production & spending) and rising unemployment

17. 1st Factor downturns in economies of individual nations 2nd Factor U.S. Stock Market Crash European stability was due to US bank loans to Germany (see Dawes) US stopped investing in Europe & other areas Caused depression around the world Causes of the Great Depression

18. Global Depression: What is happening? • The Great Depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich and poor. • Unemployment in the United States rose to 25%, some countries rose as high as 33%. • Massive inflation • Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on industry. • Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60 percent

19. First response to the Depression • Governments did not know how to react • Lowered wages • Decreased production • Governments didn’t want to spend too much $ • Decreased trade • Made the depression worse. Why?

20. To Do: • Depression Reading – in pairs • Read each section out loud or to yourselves • Write the main idea of each section in the right column • Circle or star anything that you do not understand • Finish for homework

21. Bell Work: • Use your notes from the reading to create a Web (graphic organizer) for one of the following: • Fascist Dictatorship • Communist Dictatorship • Welfare Capitalism

22. Ultimate Responses • Dictatorship • Germany, Italy, Japan & Central America • Prices dropped • Countries lost money • Social unrest = military dictators promising order • For control • Welfare Capitalism • Canada, GB, France & US • Government assumed responsibility not control • Provided security against bankruptcy & unemployment

23. Keynes: Had a different idea • John Maynard Keynes - British economist • depressions: • Government must step in – increase spending • Unemployment came from • decline in demand • Demand can be increased • Put money back into the system • If necessary: • governments may have to go into deficit spending

24. To Do: • Reading Totalitarianism • Read the first section: Totalitarianism • Fill in the Totalitarian Concept Map • Homework: • Finish Concept map • Finish Reading • Be able to answer questions in class tomorrow

25. Bell Work: Think Pair Share! • Get together with a partner • Share characteristics of Totalitarianism • Use Concept map

26. Rise of DictatorsChapter 17 Section 2 Totalitarianism

27. Objectives • Explain why many countries had adopted totalitarian dictatorial regimes   • Why did people accept it? • Explain how those regimes aimed to control their citizens for state goals.

28. Rise of Dictators • Current State in Europe - 1939 • France and Great Britain were democratic • other states turned to totalitarian dictators • Totalitarian Ideology – (ideas from concept map) • Rejects the existing society • Corrupt or immoral • Current gov’t is the cause of all the country’s problems • Totalitarianism: • Government aims to control all aspects of the lives of citizens • political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural

29. Totalitarian State: Characteristics • Demand conformity • control citizens • use propaganda techniques • Had single leader and single party • Glorifies the state above the individual • Individual was subordinate to the collective will • No individual freedoms

30. Types of Totalitarianism Right-Wing Left-Wing Communist Mao Tsetung Stalin Working class seeking equality Eliminate the classes Appeals to the workers Usually a revolution • Nazi / Fascist • Hitler • Mussolini • Middle Class seeking to maintain power • Keep the class system • Appeals to the elite class

31. Fascism in ItalyExample of Totalitarianism • Suffered economic problems after WWI • Strikes & protests became common • Created pathway for   

32. Benito Mussolini - Il DuceThe 1st Fascist

33. Benito Mussolini - Il DuceThe 1st Fascist • Fascist Ideology – Emphasized Totalitarianism • Subordination of the individual to the state • Control all aspects of society • Even if violence is necessary • So why follow him? • Nationalism • We are the best, we deserve to rule • Need for a strong leader • Your government is not working • I can help you … Give me power

35. To Do: Video Clip • The People’s Century • Lost Peace: 10 minutes (more if needed) • Answer the following while watching the clip: • What promises were made by Hitler & Mussolini? • What were the problems with the League of Nations? • What were the feelings in the US & Britain? • What was the reaction of France & GB when Hitler annexed Austria?

36. Answers • What promises were made by Hitler? • Remove burdens of the Treaty of Versailles • Promised work & bread for all, eliminate unemployment • Mussolini? • A new Roman Empire • What were the problems with the League of Nations? • Failed to stop invasion of Ethiopia or Manchuria • US still not a member, Hitler takes Germany out • What were the feelings in the US? • Isolationism, no more war, no part. in foreign wars • Britain? • Fear war is inevitable • Demand peace, pacifist movements • What was the reaction of France & GB when Hitler annexed Austria? • They do nothing

37. To Do • Read Chapter 17 Section 3 • Hitler wks (Due Monday)

38. Bell Work: page 557 • Political effects of the Great Depression • Government has a greater role • Extremist political parties • Why would people accept extremist rulers? • Promised a better life, equality • Simple solutions in exchange for power • Promise greatness • Why would these leaders go to war? • Likely seek more power by conquering other nations

39. Bell Work • What do you know about Hitler? • Discuss in class • Objective • Explain Hitler’s ideas and where they came from • Video: Portrait of a Tyrant • To Do • Finish Hitler worksheet for Monday

40. Bell Work • Homework Quiz “We must develop organizations in which an individual’s entire life can take place. …every activity and every need of every individual will be regulated by the collectivity represented by the party…there is no free will…the time of personal happiness is over” - Hitler

41. Hitler and Nazi Germany

42. Objectives • Examine Hitler and his beliefs • Explain how they appealed to the German nation • Describe the rise of Hitler • Understand Hitler’s goal for Germany • Explain how he tries to achieve this goal

43. Background: Who was Hitler? • His ideas • Racism & anti-Semitism • Extreme nationalist • After WWI service, wanted to enter politics • military injury with mustard gas gave him a vision to save Germany

44. Beer Hall Putsch • In 1919 joined extremist group in Munich • German-Workers’ Party • became known as the Nazi Party • Hitler planned an uprising • the Beer Hall Putsch (coup) • Munich in 1923 • Hitler’s uprising was crushed • Hitler was arrested for high treason

45. Mein Kampf In prison • he wrote Mein Kampf(My Struggle) Content • Nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism • Links with Social Darwinism • Emphasized right of superior nations to lebensraum (“living space”) through expansion

46. The Rise of the Party • Hitler gains power • Legal means, not violence • Followed the rules of the Weimar Republic • Nazi party must have enough votes to gain control • Uses propaganda • attack on the failures of the "Weimar system” • By 1931, it was the largest party in Reichstag • Hindenburg allowed Hitler to become chancellor

47. The Nazis Take Control • “Enabling Act passed by Reichstag • gave government power to ignore the constitution for 4 years • No longer needed President Hindenburg • Within 7 months totalitarian state was established • Demand conformity • concentration camps for any opposition • Had single leader and single party • Hitler became sole ruler • Hindenburg died • All political parties except Nazi party were eliminated • Glorifies the state above the individual • all institutions under state control

48. The Nazi State • Goal: • Wanted the development of the Aryan race to dominate Europe • create an empire like Rome • The Third Reich • Hitler’s Success?? • economic policies & terror

49. Reasons for Success • Economic difficulties • Unemployment has risen • 4.4 million to 5.5 million in 1 year • Hitler promised a new Germany • Appealed to nationalism and militarism • They saw him as a savior • Hitler used public work projects to employ people • A massive rearmament program • Took credit for drop in unemployment

50. Use of Terror • Used “Guard Squadrons” or SS to maintain order • The main purpose enforcement of Nazi racial doctrine and anti-Semitic policies • Heinrich Himmler • Controlled the SS AND regular police forces • Opened the first concentration camps • One of the main architects of the Holocaust