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Dark Energy vs. Dark Matter Towards a unification…

Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon. Dark Energy vs. Dark Matter Towards a unification…. Alexandre ARBEY. March 5, 2006. The Dark Side of the Universe. 90 % of the effective matter is invisible !. Galactic Scale Striking problems arrive from the Galaxy Rotation Curves. Clusters Scale

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Dark Energy vs. Dark Matter Towards a unification…

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  1. Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon Dark Energy vs. Dark MatterTowards a unification… Alexandre ARBEY March 5, 2006

  2. The Dark Side of the Universe 90 % of the effective matter is invisible ! • Galactic Scale Striking problems arrive from the Galaxy Rotation Curves. • Clusters Scale At this scale, the existence of a great amount of non-visible matter can be deduced from cluster gas and weak lensing observations. Same conclusions ! • Cosmological Studies Different studies enable to know the proportions of baryonic and non-baryonic matters in the global energy of the cosmic fluids. 30 % of the total Energy in the Universe is Matter. 15 % of this Matter is baryonic. 70 % of the total Energy in the Universe is unknown ! 2

  3. SCP Usual Description of the Universe Components: Radiation: photons, neutrinos Baryonic matter Dark Matter: WIMPS, axions… Dark Energy: cosmological constant, quintessence… Other: inflaton, vacuum energy… 3

  4. Dark Matter vs. Dark Energy Why 2 components? Tradition WIMPS models seem OK Cosmological Constant could be OK Problems and Questions WIMPS have never been detected Some other problems remain with WIMPS Nature of Dark Energy Observations tend to show: Non-usual models 4

  5. Dark Fluid ? One unique fluid to replace Dark Matter and Dark Energy Constraints Today: Matter behaviour at local scales. Repulsing behaviour at cosmological scales. Early Universe: Matter behaviour at all scales. Advantages One unique Dark Fluid instead of two. Can lead to a High Energy Physics Theory. 5

  6. Towards a unification ? A. Arbey, astro-ph/0506732 Equation of state: Low redshift: Supernovae of Type Ia Structure formation Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis or 6

  7. Scalar Fields… Appear in: Particle Physics: Spin 0 particles, Higgs field High Energy Physics: Unification Theories Cosmology: Quintessence, Inflation Difficulty: Never observed… 7

  8. Inverse Power Law radiation Inverse Power Law matter “SUGRA” “SUGRA” Scalar Fields as Dark Energy Quintessence 8

  9. Internal rotation: Scalar Fields as Dark Matter (Complex scalar field) A. Arbey et al., astro-ph/0105564, astro-ph/0112324, astro-ph/ 0301533. 9

  10. Homogeneous vs. Inhomogeneous with with Attractive inside structures Repulsive in empty space Repulsive on cosmological scales • seems possible to unify both visions ! 10

  11. Scalar Field as Dark Fluid ? Complex scalar field Superposition of potentials Local scales Cosmological scales 11

  12. Promissing potential ? Local scales (clusters) Local scales (galaxies) Cosmological scales 12

  13. Some results… 13

  14. Conclusions Unifying Dark Fluids can be compatible with observations Many constraints on the models: - constraints on the matter behaviour - constraints on the dark energy behaviour - inhomogeneous modelization: local vs. global Examples of possible Dark Fluids: - Scalar fields with specific potentials - Chaplygin Gas, … ?  More tests needed 14

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