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Bellringer

This lesson explores ancient Sumer as a prime example of civilization. Students will investigate the characteristics that define civilization, including advanced cities, organized government, specialized workers, and recordkeeping practices. Key topics include Sumer's geographic advantages, advancements in technology, the establishment of social structures, and significant empires such as the Akkadian and Babylonian. The lesson will also cover Hammurabi’s Code and its impact on law and governance. Through analyses and essays, students will deepen their understanding of Sumer's role in history.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Take out your map homework and outline! • Make sure your notebook is in order and up to date! • Bad Joke of the Day: What do clouds wear under their clothes?

  2. Objective • SWBAT describe how Sumer is an example of civilization and analyze why their locations and religions revolved around their needs.

  3. Ancient Sumer

  4. What is Civilization? • A society that exhibits complex culture and social organization.

  5. Characteristics of a Civilization • Advanced Cities • Organized living areas and centers of trade in locations beneficial to growth. • Sumer’s location:

  6. Advanced Cities, contd. • Sumer was a river valley civilization • Located on land near rivers for the water source and for the flooding that produced silt

  7. Advanced Technology • Better technology allows for more efficient farming • Ex. Sailboat, plow, wheel, irrigation • Surpluses allowed people to specialize in trades

  8. Specialized Workers • Workers who can focus on other occupations/trades aside from farming due to an agricultural surplus • Ex. Weavers, scribes, soldiers, etc • Effect: • Civilizations can have an economy based on BOTH agriculture AND trade

  9. Recordkeeping • Recordkeeping • Civilizations used recordkeeping to keep track of events, trade goods and for literary expression. • First form: Pictographs • Sumerian form: Cuneiform

  10. Complex Institutions • Helped to administer the civilization • Military • Government • Originally ruled by religious leaders • Later ruled by military leaders • Religion • Polytheistic religion based on thousands of gods of nature and the everyday • Why?

  11. Social Structure

  12. The Rise of Empires • Definition: a unified group of nations or peoples ruled by one leader • Why?

  13. Akkadian Empire (Sargon Dynasty), 2340 BCE- 2125 BCE • Founder: Sargon of Akkad • Adopted many of the Sumerian practices/beliefs for his empire • Expanded his city-state from the north of Sumer to the Persian Gulf

  14. Babylonian Empire 1894-2125 BCE • Hammurabi created an empire out of the former Akkadian territories • Relocated capital to Babylon • Maintained Sumerian practices • Language and religion • Hammurabi wanted to stabilize his rule by creating a standard code of law

  15. Hammurabi’s Code • First uniform code of law • Meaning it was the same throughout the empire • Engraved on stone and placed throughout the empire • First copy found on a stele in 1901 • Now in the Louve in Paris

  16. The Code Itself • 281 laws (but no #13!) • Showed that the government played an important role in arbitration • In other words, the government helped to settle arguments • Based on retribution • An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth • Laws were applied differently to different genders and different social classes

  17. Essays • Essays are a great way to display your knowledge through writing • In Pre-AP, we will specifically be writing three kinds of essays: • Compare and Contrast (AP) • Finding similarities and differences and the reasons why those similarities and differences exist between two peoples/civilizations • Analytical (Research) • Answering a research question • Document Based Question (AP) • Using historical documents to prove an argument

  18. Writing an Essay • What is an essay? • A short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author.

  19. 7 Steps of Essay Writing • Read and analyze the question. • Collect and sort the data/information • Create the thesis statement • YOU MUST: address the question, take a position, and provide categories for analysis • Write the introduction • Write the body • Write the conclusion • Proofread

  20. Key Terms • Good words to know for AP History Classes: • Analyze • Compare • Contrast • Summarize

  21. Test Scores • High Score: 94 • Low Score: 50 • Average Score: 79.8

  22. Remediation • Due September 21st • A second opportunity to prove your knowledge and improve your overall grade • Worth 50 points (1/2 as much as the test!)

  23. Thesis Statements • The fundamental part of any paper—your main argument • Working individually, read and complete the worksheet on Introductions and thesis statements.

  24. Compare and Contrast

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