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Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont

Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont. Respiration. St. Francis Xavier University. Gas Exchange . Animals must supply the oxygen required for aerobic respiration and a remove the carbon dioxide. The process of gas exchange is called respiration. .

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Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont

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  1. Biology 201Dr. Edwin DeMont Respiration St. Francis Xavier University

  2. Gas Exchange Animals must supply the oxygen required for aerobic respiration and a remove the carbon dioxide. The process of gas exchange is called respiration. Five main types of respiratory systems exist in animals: • Diffusion across plasma membranes (I) • Tracheae (I) • Cutaneous (body surface) exchange (I) • Gills (I,V) (I: Invertebrates) • Lungs (I,V) (V: Vertebrates) St. Francis Xavier University

  3. Diffusion (I) Protozoa Diffusion across plasma membranes Cnidarian Cutaneous (body surface) exchange Flatworm St. Francis Xavier University

  4. Tracheal System (I) Tracheae are an internal system of branching tubes that brings air directly to each cell in the body. Video St. Francis Xavier University

  5. Book Lung (I) Book lungs are sheets of internal lamellae that are exposed to air on the outside and filled with blood on the inside. Tarantula St. Francis Xavier University

  6. Gills (I) Bivalve Gills are very efficient in aquatic ecosystems—gills evolved from large or small skin projections with blood inside of the projections. St. Francis Xavier University

  7. Gills (V) Gills may be internal or external, but gas exchange (oxygen in and carbon dioxide out) is very efficient due to countercurrent flow. St. Francis Xavier University

  8. Lungs: Birds Lungs of birds are a flow-through system wherein air is conducted through the lungs in a single direction, and avian lungs are particularly efficient (90% of oxygen in air is removed). St. Francis Xavier University

  9. Lungs: Humans The alveoli (structures with a large surface area) are the site of gas exchange in the lungs of mammals and birds. Video St. Francis Xavier University

  10. Gas Exchanges Gases enter or leave the circulatory system by diffusing down concentration gradients. Video St. Francis Xavier University

  11. Ventilation Mammals utilize a negative pressure system to bring air into lungs—they inhale by suction St. Francis Xavier University

  12. LRC: Dogs Locomotor respiratory coupling in mammals. Motion of thoracic complex and ‘visceral piston’ shown by high speed x-ray cinematographic images of a dog galloping on a treadmill. Bramble (1989). American Zoologist. 29 (1) St. Francis Xavier University

  13. LRC: Humans Humans utilize LRC while running. 2:1 (Footfall:Breath) St. Francis Xavier University

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