1. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Mrs. Anna Ward Ridge Road MS

2. Do Now!!! • Please pick up an Anticipation Guide at the Door. • Check Yes/No on the Anticipation Guide. Just guess…let’s see how much you already know about Sickle Cell.

3. Agenda/Announcements • What is Sickle Cell? Why is it important for me to know about Sickle Cell?

4. What is Sickle Cell Disease? • Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease which is caused by a disorder in the blood. This disease causes the body to make abnormally shapes red blood cells. • A normal red blood cell looks like a round donut. In Sickle Cell, red blood cells are abnormal. They have a “sickle” or “ C “ shape.

5. INTRODUCTION CONT’ • Sickle Cell occurs on Chromosome 11 • It is a genetic disease. What does this mean? • Can you catch Sickle Cell?

6. The origin sickle cell anemia is thought to be originated from Africa and India, and then started spreading as people move and mated. Sickle cell is a genetic response to tropical regions that have problems with malaria. ORIGIN

7. Sickle Cell can cause problems because… • They are stickier, stiff, and more fragile. Why would this be an issue? • The shape of the cell makes it more difficult for the blood cells to pass through blood vessels • These Blood Cells have a shorter life.

8. Sickle Cell results in: • Poor circulation • Weakness • Risk of infections • Risk of stroke • Can cause blockage of blood vessels • Severe “Pain Crises” because of circulation issues

9. Some Symptoms • Shortness of breath • Dizziness • Headaches • Coldness in the hands and feet • Paler than normal skin or mucous membranes (the tissue that lines your nose, mouth, and other organs and body cavities) • Jaundice (a yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes)

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CsgXHdWqVs

11. STATISTICS • Statistic show that most of the people that have the sickle cell anemia are mostly African Americans. Why????

12. MEDICATIONS AND TREATMENTS Hydroxyurea Treatment : it’s a chemical compound that is used as medication. For sickle cell disease come in capsule form and it’s administered once a day. Antibiotics: (penicillin) for children/helps prevent infection. Bone Marrow Transplant: Transplant of the bone marrow to relieve pain. Pain Medications: To relieve pain during pain crises

13. FUTURE GOALS for Scientists • The future goals are: • Create a new drug that can cure sickle cell anemia. • Reverse the mutation/Gene Therapy

14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKQmQHh4E2w

15. Olivia’s Story.

16. Now…the Genetics… • A = Normal Blood Cell (dominant trait) • a = Sickle Cell (recessive trait) • In order to produce a child with Sickle Cell, what must the parent’s GENOTYPES be? Be prepared to PROVE your work by providing evidence using a Punnett Square. • HINT: There are THREE possibilities.

17. Creating a Pedigree • A Pedigree is a special type of chart we use to track characteristics through a family. We will learn all about pedigrees tomorrow, Thursday, and Friday. • In this exercise, you will create your own Sickle Cell Pedigree using Genotypes.

18. Exit Ticket • If you could tell Olivia one thing, what would it be?