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Theories of Personality

Psychology . Theories of Personality . Objective . Explain the history, main features, and limitations of the trait theory of personality . Trait Approach. Trait? Aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable.

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Theories of Personality

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  1. Psychology Theories of Personality

  2. Objective • Explain the history, main features, and limitations of the trait theory of personality

  3. Trait Approach • Trait? • Aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. • A person has certain traits based on how the person behaves. • A “shy” person? How do they behave? • An “outgoing” person? How do they behave? • Trait theorists, believe traits generally are somehow fixed or unchanging. • Try to answer the ? Where do traits come from?

  4. Hippocrates • Greeks: Body contains fluids called Humors. • Traits are a result of different combinations of these bodily fluids. • Believed 4 basic fluids • Yellow Bile • Quick-tempered disposition • Blood • Warm and cheerful temperament • Phlegm • Sluggish and cool disposition • Black Bile • Melancholic, thoughtful temperament

  5. Gordon Allport • 1930s • Catalogued 18,000 different traits • Traits can be inherited and they are fixed in the nervous system. People’s behavior is a product of their particular combinations of traits. • “short” and “brunette” – Physical • “Shy” and “emotional”– behavioral • “Honest” – Moral

  6. Raymond Cattell • Determine the number of basic traits human personality can be boiled down to. • Studied groups rather than individuals • Identified obvious personality traits (surface traits) • Integrity • Friendliness • Tidiness

  7. Raymond Cattell • Clusters of surface traits seemed to occur together. • If a person showed 1 trait in cluster, they usually showed the others in the cluster. • A single underlying trait (source traits) gives rise to all the traits in each cluster. • 16 source traits • Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

  8. Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionaire

  9. Hans Eysenck • Focused on the relationships between two personality dimension • Introversion-Extroversion • Emotional stability-instability • Introverts: imaginative and look inward rather than to other people for their ideas and energy • Extroverts: tend to be active and self-expressive and gain energy from interaction with other people • Stable: usually reliable, composed, and rational • Unstable: agitated and unpredictable Eysenck

  10. Eysenk’s personality dimensions

  11. The Big Five • 5 basic personality dimensions • Introversion-Extroversion • Emotional Stability-Instability • Conscientiousness-carelessness • Agreeableness-disagreeableness • Openness to new experience– closed-mindedness • Established at a young age and remains stable.

  12. Evaluation of the Trait Approach • Where do traits come from? • Most trait-theorists describe traits • Matching people to educational programs and jobs on the basis of personality traits.

  13. Take Personality Quizzes • Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire http://personality-testing.info/tests/16PF.php • The Big 5 Test http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/ • Meyer Brigg Test http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes2.asp

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