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Theories of Personality

Theories of Personality. Personality. A person’s broad long-lasting patterns of behavior. Developed by Sigmund Freud Analyzes one’s thoughts, feelings, and personal history to reveal unknown needs and concerns. Psychoanalysis. His mom was 20 yrs. Younger than his dad

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Theories of Personality

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  1. Theories of Personality

  2. Personality • A person’s broad long-lasting patterns of behavior

  3. Developed by Sigmund Freud Analyzes one’s thoughts, feelings, and personal history to reveal unknown needs and concerns Psychoanalysis

  4. His mom was 20 yrs. Younger than his dad He had 7 step-siblings from a previous marriage –one of which was older than his mother! Live w/ 9 kids, nephew, & parents They all shared 1 room 30 ft. X 30 ft. apt. above dad’s work Freud’s Life

  5. Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt. that had been a jewish ghetto As an adult thought his mom was hot

  6. Freud became a doctor • Changed to psychology • 1. disliked blood • 2. thought patients probs. Were mental • 3. tried treating w/ cocaine (became an addict)

  7. Personality is developed by age 6 (fixed & unchanging) Family conflicts & relationships create us Repression: hiding a memory in your unconscious (defense) Details of Psychoanalysis

  8. 3 parts of the Brain • Unconscious: we are unaware of it at all times but it affects us always • Sub-Conscious:we are not currently aware of it but can think of it when we try • Conscious: our current thoughts

  9. All behavior/thoughts are based on Food Aggression Sex

  10. Id: animal instincts, basic needs & desires Superego: conscience, ideal moral self Ego: balances id & superego Map of the Mind

  11. The Ego

  12. Freud’s 5 Stages of Development

  13. Boys secretly “want” their moms and want to kill their dads so they can take dad’s place and have sex with mom Act like the dad so mom will sleep w/ them

  14. Electra Complex • Girls secretly “want” their dads, desire to kill mom so that they can take her place and have sex w/ dad

  15. AND ….girls secretly have….penis envy • No picture available….

  16. Methods Used by Freud • Free Association: say everything that comes to mind (unconscious uncensored) • Dream Analysis: Subconscious and unconscious thoughts to analyze

  17. Thinks unconscious is a combination of religious/ethical beliefs that control human behavior Neofreudian: less concerned w/ animal instincts Carl Jung

  18. Archetypes • Jung found that many themes were evident in all cultures of all time • These themes: archetypes

  19. We are controlled by archetypes= a collective unconscious • Ex. Nurturing mother, hero, wise old man

  20. Pple. Imitate archetypes and hide who they really are • Pple. Act diff. based on expectations (personas)

  21. Karen Horney: : neo-Freudian, emphasizes social forces on the unconscious Coping w/ social stress is important Social Psychologists

  22. Need love, and isolation=sad/ anxious We try to avoid rejection so we go along w/things we don’t want to

  23. Neo-freudian Pple. Try to feel important Pple. Try to dominate and control others Alfred Adler

  24. Behaviorism • John Watson • Environment shapes personality • If we control environment we control personality

  25. B.F. Skinner • Mom held face into the stove to show him hell • Poor people skills

  26. All behavior = result of experiences You don’t choose anything Due to reinforcements

  27. Albert Bandura • Believes pple. Consider experiences buy make the final decision • Personality also from modeling behavior of others=learn from imitation

  28. Believes our biggest prob.=living up to our ideal selves Our environment ruins us We can get back on track Becoming your ideal self=fully functioning individual Humanistic Theory

  29. Trait Theory • Group of personality theories that analyzes permanent characteristics regarding what one does/feels & thinks

  30. Gordon Alport • Says 3 types of traits: • Cardinal Traits: affect everything a person does

  31. Raymond Cattell • 2 categories of traits

  32. Surface traits: can be easily observed • Source traits: underlie surface behavior

  33. Based on 2 categories Extraversion/ introversion Emotional Stability/instability Hans Eysenck

  34. 5-Factor Model • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Conscientiousness/self-discipline • Emotional stability (diff. from Eysenck-happy feelings) • Openness to experience

  35. General Notes • 5 factors are “permanent “ by early 20s • Birth order does not affect personality • Environment 50% & Genetic 50% of personality

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