1 / 34

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik

Ekonomi Makro. R. Dwi Harwin Kusmaryo. Email : rdharwink@yahoo.com. HP : 0813.8821.5859 ; 0856.854.3854. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik. WHAT IS MACROECONOMICS ???. Apa yg dipelajari para ekonom makro ???.

audi
Télécharger la présentation

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. EkonomiMakro R. DwiHarwinKusmaryo Email : rdharwink@yahoo.com HP : 0813.8821.5859 ; 0856.854.3854 SekolahTinggiIlmuStatistik

  2. WHAT IS MACROECONOMICS ???

  3. Apaygdipelajariparaekonommakro ???

  4. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole, including growth in income, changes in price, and the rate of unemployment. Macroeconomists attempt both to explain economic events and to devise policies to improve economic performance.

  5. MasalahMakroekonomi KebijakanMakroekonomi TujuanAkhirKebijakan PertumbuhanEkonomi Price Level Stability Sisi Demand Inflasi Fiskal High Employ ment Level Moneter Long Term Economy Growth Pengangguran Sisi Supply Defisit NPI Surplus NPI Exchange Rate Stability

  6. Engine of Growth Economic Growth ( Y ) KonsumsiMasy ( C ) Investasi ( I ) APBN ( G ) Net Ekspor (X – M) 1 2 3 MasalahMakroekonomi 4

  7. Investasi naik Kesempatan men dpt income naik Kesempatan Kerjanaik Konsumsinaik Iklim Usaha cerah Tabungan naik

  8. Historical Background PerkembanganTeoriEkonomi From Microeconomics to Macroeconomics

  9. Adam Smith (1723-1790)

  10. PerkembanganIlmuEkonomimoderendimulaipdsaat Adam Smith (1723-1790) menerbitkanbukunyaygberjudul “An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” ygkemudiandi kenalsbg Wealth of Nation (1776) • Adam Smith menyatakanbhwsptalamsemestaygberjalanserbateratur, sistemekonomi pun akanmampumemulihkandirinyasendiri (self adjustment), krnadakekuatanpengaturygdisebutsbg “invisible hand” • Dlmbhsygsederhana, tangangaibtsbadalah “mekanismepasar”, yaitumekanismealokasisumberdayaekonomiberlandaskaninteraksikekuatanpermintaandanpenawaran. • Adam Smith percayabhwmekanismepasarakanmenjadialatalokasisumberdayaygefisien, jikapemerintahtdkikutcampurdlmperekonomian

  11. Jean Baptiste Say (zangbatise) 1767-1832

  12. Kepercayaanthdkemampuanmekanismepasarsemakinmenguatketika se org ekonomPerancis, Jean Baptiste Say mematangkanpemikiran Smith dgnmelontarkanpendptygskrdikenalsbgHukum Say (Say’s Law) yaitu : “SUPPLY CREATES IT’S OWN DEMAND” dlmbukunya“ A Treatise on Political Economy” (1803) • Maksuddaripernyataan Say tsbadalahbhwbrgdanjasaygdiproduksipastiterserapolehpermintaansampaitercapaikeseimbanganpasar (equilibrium)

  13. Asumsi-asumsiygmelatarbelakangi model mekanismepasartsbadalah : • Strukturpasarmerupakanpersaingansempurna, informasisempurnadansimetris, input dan output adalahhomogen, parapelakuekonomibersifatrasionaldanbertujuanmemaksimumkankegunaandankeuntungan. • Netralitasuang (money neutrality) ygmempunyaikonsekuensihargabersifatfleksibel, dptberubahseketikaitujuga (price flexibility)

  14. John Maynard Keynes Revolusi Keynes : LahirnyaTeoriMakroekonomi

  15. 1929 – 1933 Great Depression Model Klasik Model Keynesian MekanismePasar TdkPercayaMekanismePasar PersainganSempurna BknPersainganSempurna UangBersifatNetral UangBersifatTdkNetral Tdk Ada CampurTanganPemerintah PerluCampurTanganPemerintah FokuspdSisiPenawaran FokuspdSisiPermintaan Demand Creates its own Supply Supply Creates its own Demand

  16. Seblmterjadinyakelesuanperekonomianduniathn1929 – 1933 ygdikenalsbgDipresiBesar (great depression), paraakhliekonomipercayaakanmekanismepasar, namun great depression membuyarkankeyakinanthdhipotesisekonomiklasik, krndepresibesarterjadidlmjangkawktyg lama (1929-1933) Misalnya di USA selamaperiodedipresibesartingkatpengangguranmencapailbhdari 25 % angkatankerja, output perekonomianberkrgsampai 50 % sementaratktinvestasimerosottajam John Maynard Keynes, melontarkanpendapatutkmemperbaikikeadaanmelaluibukunya The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money ygterbitpdthn 1936.

  17. Dlmbukunyayglbhdikenalsbg The General Theory, Keynes, menyatakankelemahanTeoriKlasikterletakpadalemahnyaasumsittgpasarygdianggapterlaluidealisdanmasalahekonomiterlalu fokus pdsisipenawaran Berkaitandgnkritiktsb, Keynes menyampaikanpokokpikiranygkeduaberupausulanpemulihanekonomi dgnmemasukanperanpemerintahdlmperekonomiandlmrangkamenstimulirsisipermintaan Demand creates it’s own supply

  18. TeoriSbgPembangun Model

  19. Utkmemahamiekonomi, paraekonommenggunakan model2 kuantitatifygmengandungteoriutkmenyederhanakanpermasalah an ygadasesuaidgnrealitakehidupan. Membangun model ekonomiberartimelibatkanberbagai variabel2 ekonomiygdigunakandlm model tsb

  20. TeoriSbgPembangun Model Model2 ekonomimenggambarkanhubunganantarvariabelseringkalidlmpersamaanmatematik Variabel Endogen (endogenous Var) adalahvarygakandijelaskanolehsebuah model Model Ekonomi VariabelEksogen (exogenous Var) adalahvarygnilainyaditentukan di luar model

  21. Var Endogen danVarExogen Exogenous Var Model Endogenous Var • PendapatanAgregat • HargaBahan Baku Qd = D(P,Y) • HargaApel • JumlahApel Komoditi : Apel

  22. P Kondisi Equilibrium S EqulibriumHarga EqulibriumPasar D Q 0 EqulibriumKuantitas

  23. A Shift in Demand P S P2 P1 D2 D1 Q Q1 Q2 0

  24. A Shift in Supply P S2 S1 P2 P1 D Q Q2 Q1 0

  25. Beberapaukuran yang seringdigunakanutkmenilaikinerjaekonomimakro • output nasionalygdihasilkan: GNP/GDP • kesempatankerjaygdiciptakan: unemployment rate • stabilitastingkatharga: inflation rate • stabilitasneracaperdagangan (BOT), • stabilitasneracapembayaran (BOP) dan • stabilitaskursvalutaasing (FOREX).

  26. AkhliEkonomiMakro PemenangHadiah Nobel

  27. Milton Friedman (Nobel Prize 1976)

  28. James Tobin (Nobel Prize 1981)

  29. Franco Modigliani (Nobel Prize 1985)

  30. Robert Solow (Nobel Prize 1987)

  31. Robert Lucas (Nobel Prize 1995)

  32. George Akerlof (Nobel Prize 2001)

  33. Edward Prescott (Nobel Prize 2004)

  34. Arigatougozaimasu

More Related