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Understanding Proteins: Structure, Function, and Amino Acids

Explore the world of proteins, one of the body's vital biomolecules, comprising over 50% of its dry weight. This overview covers protein types, including catalytic, transport, regulatory, structural, contractile, protective, and storage proteins. Learn about amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, with 20 required by mammals, 10 of which are essential and must come from diet. Understand peptide bonds, amino acid sequences, and how to represent them correctly. Engage in practical exercises to solidify your knowledge.

audrey-holman
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Understanding Proteins: Structure, Function, and Amino Acids

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  1. Proteins – part 1

  2. Proteins • Our third big biomolecule • Review: • the carbohydrate base unit is the _____________ • the lipid base unit is the ________________ (for the hydrolyzable ones anyway!)

  3. Proteins • >50% of the dry weight of the body • 100,000+ compounds • Types of proteins: • Catalytic • Transport • Regulatory • Structural • Contractile • Protective • Storage

  4. Protein unit: the amino acid • Amino acids • 20 required by mammals • 10 essential must be from diet • Four categories: • Nonpolar neutral • Polar neutral • Polar acidic • Polar basic • Natural amino acids are ____stereochemistry!

  5. Practice drawing: Glycine Valine Cysteine

  6. Amino acids in solution • Zwitterions • pI and pH

  7. Peptides: chains of amino acids • 1 amino acid + 1 amino acid = 1 dipeptide • 1 a.a. + 1 a.a. + 1 a.a. = 1 tripeptide • Oligopeptide • Polypeptide • Proteins

  8. Formation of the peptide bond dipeptide

  9. Peptide sequences • Name from N terminal to C terminal using three letter abbreviations • gly-cys-ala • Direction matters !! • gly-cys-ala is different from ala-cys-gly • Possible constitutional isomers for a given number of different amino acids = n!

  10. Amino acid exercise: • Three groups: draw out your share of the β-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin amino acid sequence • Draw from left to right, N-terminus to C-terminus, your amino acids on notecards using colored stickers • Link the notecards together, constructing correct peptide bonds. Overall charge at physiological pH:______

  11. Extra credit exercise (5 pts)

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