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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Revolution not by speed but by lasting impact. Industrialization. The process of using machines to produce goods. Why the 18 th century?. Increased population due to - decline in mortality (no more plague! smallpox inoculation!)

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution Revolution not by speed but by lasting impact...

  2. Industrialization The process of using machines to produce goods

  3. Why the 18th century? • Increased population due to • - decline in mortality (no more plague! • smallpox inoculation!) • - new foods, better crops • - earlier marriage, more illegitimacy • (as a result of less community controls) • Why?

  4. Industrial Beginnings: The Cottage Industry • - Pre-industrial

  5. I. Why did England industrialize first?

  6. A. Agricultural Innovations - • The Enclosure Movement • larger fields • New methods (crop rotation!) SO…Small farm owners out of business

  7. Crop Rotation: The Science of Agriculture

  8. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  9. Effects of new Agriculture:“human capital” • Food supply increased, so… a. Population b. More people want more stuff c. Rural to urban migration – move to cities

  10. B. Resources: England had them 1. Factors of Production: • Definition: resources needed to produce goods and services -Land -Labor (work) -Capital ($)

  11. 2. Raw materials • COAL! •  METAL! • WOOL! • And…

  12. WATER… Canals: Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

  13. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

  14. C: Business Friendly government

  15. Why the Continent was 2nd?

  16. Industrial Production by Country

  17. II. New Inventions A. Textile production (wool, cotton, etc): - Spinning Mule (powered by water) Big! Not for use at home!

  18. B. Factories • Large buildings with large machines • Possible benefits? Problems?

  19. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  20. How did the factory system change workers’ lives? • Rigid schedule • 12-14 hour day • Dangerous conditions • Mind-numbing monotony

  21. III: The Steam Engine • Steam powered!

  22. “The Great Land Serpent”

  23. Railroad’s effect: 1. Cheap transport industrial growth 2. New jobs (for railways workers, miners) 3. Goods (and people) now traveled farther

  24. The Impact of the Railroad

  25. Labor Child labor in the mines: “hurriers”

  26. III. Effects on society • Class Division • “Haves” vs. “Have- nots” • Rich vs. Poor • Bosses vs. Workers

  27. B. Rural  Urban migration …Rise of cities…and all the problems that come with that

  28. Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

  29. OK, OK…so now people are working for other people in factories. So what? • A MAJOR shift in economic philosophy comes with this WHAT IS ECONOMICS, ANYWAY? -- jobs, industry & working conditions -- paying taxes -- how much money you make…and how that money is spent -- restrictions on businesses…and workers ??? What kinds of RESTRICTIONS might be placed on businesses? Why?

  30. BIG QUESTIONS DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: -- Should we just TRUST business owners and people to “do the right thing”? -- Or should the government step in (“interfere”) to PROTECT workers and restrict business owners? What do factory owners want? What do workers want?

  31. Economics 101: The Spectrum of Government Interference in Economics Laissez Faire (LESS gvmt. interference) Communism (MORE gvmt. interference) Karl Marx: “Can’t trust business owners!” Adam Smith: “Government keep out!”

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