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Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere. 3 rd Period. The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle. The Three Major Process of the Water Cycle.

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Hydrosphere

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  1. Hydrosphere 3rd Period

  2. The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle

  3. The Three Major Process of the Water Cycle • Evaporation- “The process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor”. Water always evaporates from the Earth’s ocean’s, lakes, streams, and soil, but most of the water evaporates from the ocean. • Condensation- In this process water vapor creates water droplets on dust particles. These water droplets create clouds. In doing so the water droplets will run into each other, stick together, and make larger heavier droplets.

  4. “any form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail”. Alma Beganovic Condensation

  5. The Four Oceans Pacific Ocean: Largest ocean with a surface area of 165,640,000 km square. Pictured at the top right . Atlantic Ocean: Second largest with a surface area of 81,630,000 km square. Pictured in the middle right. Hydrosphere 2&3 By: Jenna Begley

  6. Hydroshpere 2&3 • Indian Ocean: • Third largest ocean with a surface area of 73,420,000 km square. • Pictured in the top right. • Artic Ocean: • Fourth smallest ocean with a surface area of 14,350,000 km square. • Pictured at the bottom right. The Four Oceans By: Jenna Begley

  7. Salinity If all the water in the oceans evaporated what was left over could make a 180 mile high and one mile thick wall of salt around the equator “the concentration of all the dissolved salts it contains” 97% of the water on earth is ocean water. Why does water taste so salty ? Ocean Salinity on average is about 3.5% by volume By: Jenna Begley

  8. Ocean Layers. Kalley • The surface layer is the warmest because it is warmed by the sun and is at the top of the ocean which is constantly mixed by wave action and has all sorts of animals. • The Thermocline is the middle layer; decreasing temperature with depth. It is the boundary between warm and cold water. It has low levels of sunlight. • Below the Thermocline is the deep zone. It is the deepest zone, which is at the bottom of the ocean with temperatures below freezing. It is very dark and no sunlight reaches to it.

  9. Kalley

  10. How do currents regulate temperature? • Currents that circulate warm water cause the land they flow past to have a more moderate climate. • Fact: storing and absorbing energy is one of the most important functions of the oceans.

  11. Ex: the British isles are warmed by the Gulf stream.

  12. Surface Currents • Surface Currents circulate warm water to the deeper parts of the ocean. • The water at the oceans surface is moved by winds that blow in certain patterns because of the spin of the earth. Gabbie Parnau

  13. Coriolis Effect “The Curving of the path of a moving object caused by the earths rotation” “In physics, the Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects when they are viewed from a rotating reference frame.” Gabbie Parnau

  14. Deep ocean currents form when cold, dense water from the poles sink below warmer, less dense ocean water and flows toward the equator. When cold water sinks to the bottom of the ocean it flows very slowly northward to produce a deep current. Katie Stauffer

  15. The densest and coldest ocean water is located off the coast of Antarctica . Katie Stauffer

  16. Earth’s surface is covered by 70 to75 Percent. • Only 3 Percent of the Water is Fresh.

  17. Earth’s Fresh Water is Locked in Icecaps And Glaciers. The Rest of the Fresh Water Found in Lakes, Rivers and Underground.

  18. What is a River System? “A river system is a flowing network of rivers and streams draining a river basin.” River System http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/sask/water_e.php

  19. They are “smaller streams of rivers that flow into larger ones.” What areTributaries? Tributaries http://www.d.umn.edu/edu/`pmorton/geol1041/photos/tributary.jpg

  20. What is Groundwater? • It is made up of rain and melted snow that has seeped through the ground. http://www.groundwater.org/gi/whatisgw.html. Jesse Dodson

  21. What is Groundwater? • Water collected in sediment and rock underground. • It only makes up about 1% of the Earth’s water. www.nationalgeographic.com/.../session_01.html Jesse Dodson

  22. How is Groundwater important? • It is the easiest source of fresh water, so humans use it to drink. http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/drinkingwater/images/drinking%20a%20glass%20of%20water.jpg. Jesse Dodson

  23. How is Groundwater important? • We also use the water for agriculture. http://agricultureguide.org/agriculture/news/. Jesse Dodson

  24. What is an aquifer? -”A formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated, permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs.” -“ a rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater.” Jessica Hunter

  25. Aquifers Jessica Hunter

  26. What is a recharge zone? -”the surface of land where water enters an aquifer.” Jessica Hunter

  27. Recharge Zones www.academic.evergreen.edu Thinkingpictures.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_arch… www.echo.epfl.ch/VICAIRE/mod_3/chapt_9/text.htm Jessica Hunter

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