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BENTHOS

P. BENTHOS. Type of Substrate Hard (Rock) Soft (Sand or Mud). P. BENTHOS. Degree of Wave Shock High Energy (Rock) Low Energy (Sand or Mud). P. S. Convergence. Divergence. BENTHOS. Intertidal Duration of Exposure Leads to zonation Subtidal Deep-Sea. 15_02a. Zonation in a

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BENTHOS

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  1. P BENTHOS • Type of Substrate • Hard (Rock) • Soft (Sand or Mud)

  2. P BENTHOS • Degree of Wave Shock • High Energy (Rock) • Low Energy (Sand or Mud)

  3. P

  4. S Convergence Divergence

  5. BENTHOS • Intertidal • Duration of Exposure • Leads to zonation • Subtidal • Deep-Sea

  6. 15_02a Zonation in a rocky intertidal P

  7. 15_02b S PERIWINKLES

  8. 15_02g S BARNACLES

  9. 15_02i S ANEMONE

  10. 15_04 S

  11. 15_05b SEA URCHINS S

  12. 15_06 S ALGAE

  13. P Zonation partly dependent on exposure, but also partly dependent on competition

  14. S East side of the Galveston jetties - notice light green band of algae AND dark green of a different algae

  15. 15_08 SAND BEACH ZONATION less obvious, but still there S

  16. 15_09a-e CLAM BURROWING S

  17. 15_12a S Nematode Head (x804)

  18. Sand Beach Amphipod

  19. Sand Beach Polychaetes

  20. P LIVING STRATEGIES • Attached • Free Living • Burrowing 11/20

  21. 15_14a S Kelp (attached)

  22. 15_18b S Sponge (attached)

  23. 15_15a S Spiny Lobster (free living)

  24. 15_16 S Oyster Drill (free living)

  25. 15_15a S Macrobenthos

  26. 15_12a S Microbenthos

  27. P CORAL REEFS • serve as important habitats in the tropical oceans • are populated by about 25% of all fish species • are presently in a severe state of decline world-wide from ocean warming, sedimentation and exploitation

  28. 15_17 P Speciation radiates from Indo-Pacific

  29. P Coral Polyps

  30. 15_01

  31. P ENERGY TRANSPORT TODEEP-SEA ORGANISMS • Small sinking particles • Transport from land • Large sinking particles

  32. 15_22 P Schematic Food Pathways

  33. 15_Ctl S Baited Camera - 9600 meters

  34. 15_Ctr S

  35. 15_Ccl S

  36. 15_Ccr S

  37. 15_Cbl S

  38. 15_Cbr S

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