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The Behavior of Waves

The Behavior of Waves. Section 11.3. South Carolina Standards. PS – 7.6 Summarize reflection and interference of both sound and light waves and the refraction and diffraction of light waves. Reflection. Reflection – when a wave strikes an object and bounces off of it

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The Behavior of Waves

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  1. The Behavior of Waves Section 11.3

  2. South Carolina Standards • PS – 7.6 • Summarize reflection and interference of both sound and light waves and the refraction and diffraction of light waves.

  3. Reflection • Reflection – when a wave strikes an object and bounces off of it • All types of waves can be reflected

  4. Law of Reflection • The wave which strikes a surface is called the incident ray • The wave that bounces off of the surface is called the reflected ray Law of Reflection – the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection

  5. Refraction • Refraction – the bending of waves caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another • The greater the change in its speed, the more the wave bends

  6. Light speeds up – bends away from the normal Light slows down – bends towards the normal

  7. 1.) Light waves enter into prism and slow down. 2.) This causes the waves to bend 3.) The different colors of light bend different amounts so the colors are separated x6

  8. Concave Lens • Students should be able to draw the resulting rays as light passes through a concave lens. Concave lenses are known as diverging lenses because light rays are caused to spread apart as they enter and then leave the lens from the other side.

  9. Convex Lens • Students should be able to draw the resulting rays as light passes through a convex lens. Convex lenses are known as converging lenses because light rays are caused to come together as they enter and then leave the lens from the other side.

  10. Diffraction • Diffraction – when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

  11. Diffraction and Wavelength • Amount of diffraction depends on the size of the object the waves hit and the wavelength of the waves • If the object is smaller than the wavelength the waves will bend around it • So sound waves which are larger will diffract much better than light waves which are much smaller

  12. Absorption • Waves can also be absorbed when they strike an object. • Energy is converted into thermal energy / chemical energy • This is why wearing dark clothes in the winter months keeps you warmer

  13. Interference • Interference – when two or more waves combine to form a new wave

  14. Constructive Interference • Constructive interference – when two or more waves add together • In transverse waves the crests will line up with one another • In compressional waves the compressions will line up with one another • The overall effect is to increase the amplitude (energy) of the wave

  15. Destructive Interference • Destructive interference – waves subtract from one another when they overlap x5

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