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Digestion

Digestion. Chapter 19. What is digestion?. Process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. Can be done mechanically or chemically. Jobs of the Digestive System. Breaks down food into molecules the body can use

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Digestion

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  1. Digestion Chapter 19

  2. What is digestion? • Process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. • Can be done mechanically or chemically

  3. Jobs of the Digestive System • Breaks down food into molecules the body can use • Absorbs broken down molecules into the blood to be carried throughout the body • Eliminates wastes

  4. Major Organs • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Liver • Gall bladder • Pancreas • Large intestine • Rectum/anus

  5. Types of Digestion Mechanical Chemical Physically breaks down food into smaller pieces Ex: chewing, peristalsis Chemicals in the body break foods into smaller chemical building blocks. Ex: Enzyme in saliva breaks starch into sugar

  6. - The Digestive Process Begins Enzymes The shape of an enzyme molecule is specific to the shape of the food molecule it breaks down. Here an enzyme breaks down a starch into sugars.

  7. Mouth • Teeth chew food into small pieces • Saliva mixes with food to moisten it; starch breaks down into sugar

  8. Esophagus • Tube that connects mouth to stomach • Mixes food with mucus and moves it into the stomach by peristalsis • Epiglottis is a flap that blocks food from going down windpipe.

  9. Stomach • J-shaped pouch • Mixes food with digestive juices such as enzymes and acids to turn food into liquid form.

  10. Small intestine • Mixes liquid from the stomach with enzymes and secretions from the liver and pancreas. • Lined with villi to absorb nutrients from the digested food • 20-25 ft long!

  11. Liver and Gallbladder • Largest organ inside of body • Produces bile to break up fats • Bile is stored by the gallbladder

  12. Pancreas • Triangular organ in between stomach and small intestine • Produces insulin and enzymes to break down starches, proteins, and fats

  13. Large intestine • Contains helpful bacteria to help feed on digested food • Water is removed from waste and absorbed into blood • Readies waste for elimination from body • Only 5 ft long but wider than small intestine

  14. Rectum and Anus • Rectum-compresses food into solid form • Anus- muscular opening that removes waste from the body

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