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Digestion

Digestion. Do it or DIE. Digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down feed into simple substances that can be absorbed by the body. Absorption is taking the digested parts of the feed into the bloodstream

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Digestion

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  1. Digestion Do it or DIE

  2. Digestion • Digestion is the process of breaking down feed into simple substances that can be absorbed by the body. • Absorption is taking the digested parts of the feed into the bloodstream • The digestive system consists of the parts of the body involved in chewing and digesting feed • This system also moves the digested feed through the animal’s body and absorbs the products of digestion

  3. Four Types of DigestiveSystems • Monogastric (simple) • Avian • Ruminants (polygastric) • Pseudo-ruminants

  4. Monogastric Digestive System • A monogastric digestive system has a simple stomach.

  5. The Stomach • The stomach is a muscular organ that stores ingested feed and moves it into the small intestine • The stomach secretes acid • Stomach has a low pH of 1.5 – 2.5 • Destroys most bacteria • Breaks down feed materials

  6. Monogastric Animal Feeds • The best types of feeds for monogastric animals are concentrated feeds • Grains rather than large amounts of roughage

  7. Types of Monogastric Animals • Dogs • Cats • Swine • Humans

  8. Avian Digestive System • Poultry digestive tract

  9. Avian Digestion • No Teeth = No Chewing • The feed is emptied from the mouth directly into the Crop • The crop is where the food is stored and soaked • Feed leaves the crop, passes through the proventriculus, which is similar to a normal stomach, and into the gizzard • The gizzard is a very muscular organ, which contains stones or grit • The gizzard is a bird’s teeth

  10. Polygastric or Ruminant Digestive System • Large stomach divided into compartments • Designed for food to be ingested, eructated, chewed, and swallowed again

  11. Polygastric Structure • The largest section of the stomach is the Rumen • Contains bacteria and other microbes to cause fermentation • The reticulum is the section of the stomach that causes eructation or “Belching” • Also known as the “Hardware Stomach” because it collects foreign objects such as stones or nails • The third section is the Omasum • Filters substances and removes water • The last section is the Abomasum • Secretes gastric juices • Similar to the true stomach in a monogastric animal

  12. Pseudo-ruminant • Animals that eat large amounts of roughage, but do not have several compartments in the stomach are pseudo-ruminant animals

  13. Pseudo-ruminant • Digestive system does some of the same functions as those of ruminants • Able to digest large amounts of roughage because of a greatly enlarged cecum and large intestine • Examples of pseudo-ruminants are horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters

  14. Basic Structure of the Digestive System • The mouth • Contains teeth, except birds, a tongue, and salivary glands • Teeth • Grind feeds in a process called mastication • Ruminants only have bottom teeth and a hard dental plate at the top • All have molars on top and bottom • Tongue • Contains taste buds to help determine which feeds are edible • Aids in moving feeds around to the teeth and esophagus • Salivary glands • Are activated when an animal is hungry or smells feed • Secrete a watery substance to help break down feeds into a mash • Some animals contain enzymes

  15. Basic Structure of the Digestive System • The esophagus • A hollow muscular tube leading from the mouth to the stomach • Moves feed by peristalsis

  16. Basic Structure of the Digestive System • The stomach • A muscular organ which grinds feeds, adds digestive juices, and removes some water

  17. Basic Structure of the Digestive System • The small intestine • Probably the most important digestive organ, since this is where most absorption of nutrients takes place • The first division of the small intestine is the duodenum, which is where bile and digestive juices are added • Bile is a substance secreted by the liver to help digest fat • Bile is stored in the gall bladder, where it leads to the duodenum

  18. Basic Structure of the Digestive System • The large intestine • Some absorption takes place here • Mostly water is removed • In pseudo-ruminants the large cecum holds undigested feeds for fermentation • The rectum • Prepares waste for expulsion • The anus • Final organ in the digestive system • Contains a sphincter muscle which remains closed until bowel movement

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