1. Native American andHungarian cosmologies

2. What is cosmology? • greekword • „cosmologia” = order, orderlyarrangement, ornaments • „logos” = word, reason, plan • meaning: study of theUniverseinitstotality

3. Native American worldview • Upperworld (Heaven) • Happyhuntingground • Middleworld • Earthsurface • Underworld • Place of powerfulspirits

4. Hungarianworldview Crownlayer • Tranceworld • Place of Gods and Goddesses • Real world • Place of humans Trunklayer • Ghostworld • Place of ancestors Rootslayer

5. Creation Story Nearlyallpeole of theworld, includingtheNativeAmericans and Hungarianpeople, havecosmologicalbeliefsthataresimilartotheGenesis account. Althoughgrossexaggerationshaveworkedtheirwayintotheirstoriesthroughthousands of yearsofretellingtheirtales, it is evidentthatthe main pointsintheGenesishavebeenpreserved. • The Native American and Hungariancreationstorieshavesomesimilarities. • A God/ Creatorcreatedtheworld. • The worldwasn’tcreatedallatonce. • Humans, animals, plantswerecreatedlaterthantheearthitself

6. Native American Creation Story • Duetothewandering of theHungarianpeoplewedon’thave a generalcreation story • Thereareseveralsagas, taleskeepingtheHungariancreationstories. Apachemyth • Darkness. • Creator, who lives in the Upperworld, created 4 gods. Then he created Tarantula, Big Dipper, Wind, Lightning-Maker and Lightning-Rumbler. • Creator created a little brown ball, and the gods startedto kick it. Each kick made it larger, and then Wind blew it up and Tarantula spun cords and attached it to the ball. --> It became the earth. • Creator created Hummingbird and he told what's missing from the earth. • The creation of the people, animals, birds, trees, etc takes place hereafter.

7. Native American Creation Story • Great island floated in a giant ocean. • The island hung from four thick ropes from the sky. • There were no peoples, but there were animals. • There were animals and plants. They were told to stay awake for 7 days and 7 nights, but most couldn't. • The plants that could stay awake were rewarded by being allowed to remain green all year. • The animals that could stay awake were rewarded with the ability to go about the dark. • People were created last. Women were able to have babies every seven days. --> Too quick reproduction --> Creator feared the world will be too crowded soon --> Women could have only one child per year.

8. HungarianCreation Story • Duetothewandering of theHungarianpeoplewedon’thave a generalcreation story • Thereareseveralsagas, taleskeepingtheHungariancreationstories. • 'God Father' lives in the Crown layer in a palace with his helpers, smaller gods and goddesses. • The smaller goddesses are responsible for different things, such as fire, wind etc. • They helped Gold Father in the creation of the earth and always told him if something was still missing. • A small god, called „Tiny tumb” created the humans, animals and plants from snow. • ‘GodFather’ taughtthemhowtolive.

9. HungarianCreation Story • God lives in sky with his sisters, "Happy woman" and "Devil woman“ • Happy woman and Devil woman supposed to beautify the freshly created Earth • Happy woman planted pretty flowers, healthy things, made rivers. • Devil woman planted toxic plants and made marshes --> God forbid him to continue • Devil woman wanted to make a structure of herself --> accidentally mountains and hills were created • Happy woman's tears made the water of the ocean's salty • A man and a woman were created from sunshines • God taught them how to live

10. Thankyoufor • yourattention!