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Lecture 12

Lecture 12. Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place. Lecture 12 – Tuesday 2/15/2011. Multiple Reactions Selectivity and Yield Series Reactions Complex Reactions.

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Lecture 12

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  1. Lecture 12 Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

  2. Lecture 12 – Tuesday 2/15/2011 • Multiple Reactions • Selectivity and Yield • Series Reactions • Complex Reactions

  3. 4 Types of Multiple Reactions • Series: A → B → C • Parallel: A → D, A → U • Independent: A → B, C → D • Complex: A + B →C + D, A + C → E With multiple reactors, either molar flow or number of moles must be used (no conversion!)

  4. Selectivity and Yield There are two types of selectivity and yield: Instantaneous and Overall. Selectivity Yield

  5. Selectivity and Yield Example: DesiredProduct: To maximize the selectivity of D with respect to U run at high concentration of A and use PFR. UndesiredProduct:

  6. Gas Phase Multiple Reactions

  7. Multiple Reactions Chapter 8 FlowBatch A) Mole Balance of each and every Species

  8. Multiple Reactions Chapter 8 A) Rates: a) Ratelawfor each reaction b) Net Rates c) Relative Rates

  9. Multiple Reactions Chapter 8 Liquid Stoichiometry: Gas Example: A → B → C (1) A → B k1 (2) B → C k2

  10. Example: BatchSeries Reactions 1) MoleBalance: V=V0 (constant batch)

  11. Example: BatchSeries Reactions 2) Rates: Laws Relative rates Net rates

  12. Example: BatchSeries Reactions example: A → B → C (1) A → B (2) B → C Ci B A C 1) Mole Balance: topt t

  13. Example: BatchSeries Reactions Laws: 2) Rates: Relative:

  14. Example: BatchSeries Reactions Species B: 3) Combine: Species A:

  15. Using the integrating factor, at t = 0, CB=0 Example: BatchSeries Reactions

  16. Example: CSTR Series Reactions ABC 1) Mole Balance: what is the optimal ?

  17. Example: CSTR Series Reactions ABC Laws: 2) Rates: Net: Relative:

  18. Example: CSTR Series Reactions ABC 3) Combine:

  19. Example: CSTR Series Reactions ABC Find that gives maximum concentration of B

  20. End of Lecture 12

  21. Supplementary Slides

  22. Supplementary Material - Blood Coagulation

  23. Notations

  24. Notations

  25. MoleBalance

  26. MoleBalance

  27. MoleBalance

  28. Result

  29. BloodCoagulation Many metabolic reactions involve a large number of sequential reactions, such as those that occur in the coagulation of blood. Cut → Blood → Clotting Figure A. Normal Clot Coagulation of blood (picture courtesy of: Mebs, Venomous and Poisonous Animals, Medpharm, Stugart 2002, Page 305)

  30. Schematic of Blood Coagulation

  31. Cut A + B C D E F Clot

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