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Steps of the Cell Theory

Steps of the Cell Theory. Step 1: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. Step 2: Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms. Step 3: All cells come from cells that already exist!. Prokaryotic Cells. No nuclear membrane

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Steps of the Cell Theory

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  1. Steps of the Cell Theory • Step 1: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. • Step 2: Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms. • Step 3: All cells come from cells that already exist!

  2. Prokaryotic Cells • No nuclear membrane • Bacteria and some pond organisms Image retrieved October 14, 2008 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg/400px-Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg.png

  3. Eukaryotic Cells • Usually 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells • Nuclear membrane and membrane bound organelles • Plants, animals, fungus, and most microscopic pond organisms Image retrieved October 14, 2008 from http://www.williamsclass.com/SeventhScienceWork/ImagesCells/EukaryoticCell.jpg

  4. Levels of Complexity • 1. Cells: basic unit of structure and function • 2. Tissue: Similar cells that do the same work • 3. Organs: Different types of tissues working together • 4. Organ system: Group of organs working together to perform a certain job. • 5. Organ systems make up organisms!

  5. Cell Organelles Tiny organ-like structures

  6. Cell Membrane • Also called the plasma membrane • Protects the cell surface • Thin, flexile layer that surrounds the cell • Selectively permeable • Chooses what goes in or out through channels • Found in animals, bacteria, and plants

  7. Nucleus • Stores the DNA (chromosomes) • Directs the activities of a cell- brain center • The center is called the nucleolus. Nucleolus makes ribosome parts (proteins) • Nuclear membrane (envelope) separates nucleus from the rest of the cell. Controls movement in and out of the cell

  8. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance that holds the organelles in place. • Made of cytosol –the watery stuff

  9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Continuous with the nuclear membrane • Tubular passage • Folds the proteins created by the ribosomes and gets them ready for packaging by the Golgi Body

  10. Golgi Body • Packages and moves the proteins from the ribosomes on the ER • Vesicles are the transport vehicles that take the proteins away from Golgi Body to the cell membrane

  11. Ribosomes • Protein making sites from amino acids • Can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

  12. Mitochondria • Makes ATP-Powerhouse of the cell • Converts Glucose to ATP • ATP – the energy molecule our bodies run on

  13. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Digests waste and worn out organelles and invaders such as viruses and bacteria • Made in the Golgi Body

  14. Vacuoles • Storage areas • Hold water and wastes for the cell • Found in plant cells and some animal cells • Vacuoles in plant cells are huge and help to hold the plant upright

  15. Cell Wall • Found only in plants, fungi, and bacteria – not animal cells • Provides protection and support • Rigid and semi permeable • Helps in protection and support

  16. Chloroplasts • Found in plants and some algae • Centers for photosynthesis • Capture light energy and convert to glucose • Contain chlorophyll

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