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U.S. Expansion

U.S. Expansion . Goal 6 . Imperialism Begins. Isolationism. Stay out of foreign affairs Washington’s advice “entangling alliances” – Farwell Address warning Had been the policy of government Concerned with expansion within the continent and coast to coast (Manifest Destiny)

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U.S. Expansion

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  1. U.S. Expansion Goal 6

  2. Imperialism Begins

  3. Isolationism • Stay out of foreign affairs • Washington’s advice • “entangling alliances” – Farwell Address warning • Had been the policy of government • Concerned with expansion within the continent and coast to coast (Manifest Destiny) • Reasons for Isolation: • financial burden of expansion; • focus on problems at home rather than abroad; • involve the US in more wars; • nonwhites can’t assimilate into American culture; • violation of democracy to annex and not give the people the same rights

  4. Imperialism – 3 G’s • Policy of taking colonies for economic reasons • Other world powers were building empires • U.S. also needed new markets for our products • Due to Industrialization there was a surplus of goods • Mercantilism – favorable balance of trade for the more powerful country • Reasons for Imperialism • Nationalism – pride in your country • Social Darwinism – more fit survive and conquer • White Man’s Burden – duty to civilize and help lesser people (Social Gospel) • Manifest Destiny now extended globally as it was achieved on the continent • Protection from foreign threats

  5. Building and Empire • Alaska, 1867 • Seward’s Folly • Purchased from Russia • Most people thought the land to be useless but Secretary of State Seward realized the potential natural resources • Hawaii, 1898 • Overthrew the Queen of Hawaii • Sugar Plantation owners were helped by the U.S. Navy and then once successful they were annexed and made a state in the future

  6. Building and Empire • Alfred Mahan • “Influences of Sea Power Upon History” • Discussed need for a strong Navy • Theory was that we needed to be able to expand to protect our interests and remain secure as a world power • W/I 10 years of publishing the U.S. had a strong navy able to compete with the other world powers

  7. Spanish-American: Yellow Journalism War • Spanish Rule of Cuba • Until 1895 when Cuba revolted • Spanish ruled harshly • Used concentration camps to control rebels • Yellow journalism • Publishers Hearst and Pulitzer • News to sell not inform • Together with jingoism cause the American public to demand war declaration on Spain • De Lome letter • Spanish Ministers private letter is published • Depicts the American president (McKinley) as weak • Further pushes the president towards war with Spain

  8. Spanish-American War: Yellow Journalism War • U.S. sends ship to observe • USS Maine explodes in Havana • Feb. 15, 1898 papers (yellow journalism) make people believe that the explosion was the Spanish • Later it is most likely determined to be an accident and not able to blame anyone • “Remember the Maine” • Slogan for those who supported the war

  9. Philippines • U.S. attacks Spanish when war starts • Dewey decides the declaration of war was “open season” on the Spanish • George Dewey captures the island • Quickly and sets up a U.S. colonial presence • Why did we capture the Philippines? • “splendid little war” • End up fighting the people were freed from Spain as they revolted against our rule • Imperialistic Foreign Policy • Philippines were crucial for interests in South East Asia – markets and keeping and eye on Japan’s Empire Building • Anti-Imperialistic Feelings • Annexing Philippines would undermine democracy • Cause future wars in the Pacific

  10. Fighting in Cuba • Cuba will be independent • Teller Amendment • Rough Riders – Theodore Roosevelt (TR)’s calvery • Theodore Roosevelt • San Juan Hill • Together they were paramount to defeating the Spanish • “Splendid Little War” – John Hay • Cuba is free • U.S. will monitor and intervene when necessary • Puerto Rico is part of U.S. and Guam are both ceded from the Spanish as they lost the war • U.S. buys the Philippines • $20 million

  11. World Power

  12. Territories • Hawaii • American planters had organized the overthrow of the monarchy • Philippines • War erupts over Philippine desire to be independent • William H. Taft was 1st governor • Becomes Independent Nation in 1946 • Puerto Rico • Became a territory of the U.S. and its people become U.S. citizens in 1917 • Ceded with Guam in Spanish American War

  13. Cuban Intervention • Teller Amendment • Guaranteed Cuban Independence • US wouldn’t annex it would just help gain independence from the cruel Spanish • Platt Amendment • Gives U.S. certain interests in Cuba • Naval bases: Guantanamo Bay??? • U.S. would approve all treaties between Cuba and other nations • U.S. could lease naval bases • U.S. could intervene to maintain peace and order

  14. Asian Interests • Spheres of Influence in China • Europe had large amounts of power and were threatening to limit/close access to China for America • Open Door Policy Notes • John Hay – Secretary of State who was pro-imperialism • Asked for access to China: wanted access to the Chinese market that was dominated by European power • Russo-Japanese War • Japan defeated Russia • Roosevelt is arbitrator (wins Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations) – Japan got Manchuria and Korea but couldn’t take or threaten Philippines

  15. Panama Canal (US Protectorate 1908-1989) • Panama is a part of Columbia • Wants to be free from Columbian rule but not strong enough to fight against Columbia • U.S. tries to negotiate a canal treaty • Wanted to increase trade for all nations • Panama has a revolution backed by the U.S. • Theodore Roosevelt encourages the revolution • 10 Years of Construction followed (1904-1914) • Thousands died of accidents and disease to build the canal - Yellow Fever, malaria • Under budget and ahead of schedule • Roosevelt’s Big Stick Foreign Policy • Encouraged Columbia revolt (speak softly and carry a big stick) then negotiates the peace treaty that gives the U.S. the land for the Panama Canal

  16. Foreign Policy • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Basis of US policy • Europe would not intervene in the Western Hemisphere • President James Monroe • Roosevelt Big Stick Policies • Speak softly and carry a big stick • Applied to Latin America repeatedly • Roosevelt Corollary • Addition the Monroe Doctrine • “International Police Power” U.S.

  17. Foreign Policy • Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy • U.S will use financial policies to influence • President Taft used money to gain power in Latin America • Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy • U.S. refuses to negotiate with “illegal” gov’ts • Foreign policy was based on moral judgments of right and wrong

  18. Impact of Imperialism • U.S. is now a world power • Debate over the moral and ethical idea of imperialism • See reverse side of the note sheet • Anti-US feelings around the world • Philippines – conquered and resented American rule • Latin America – new imperial power with economic imperialism • Mexico – continued confrontations with over borders and Texas • Pancho Villa – led attacks on the border

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