Practical English, Book I

1. Practical English, Book I Unit 4 Part B Table Manners and Customs

2. Unit 4: Part B • Text B • Practice

3. Unit 4: Text B • Text-related Information • Warm-up Activity • Text Learning

4. Practice • Exercise in Class • Listening Practice

5. Text –related Information • Table Manners

6. Text –related Information Table manners differ from country to country and from region to region. Western styles of eating is considered to have largely influenced eastern countries. But even western countries themselves differ in this respect. People in these countries do not use the knife and fork in the same way. There are also differences in drinking customs. And naturally table manners have seen many changes throughout history. These changes include the kinds of food, the containers for holding food and special rules of behavior.

7. Text –related Information Do not put much food in your mouth at a time. Keep your lips closed while chewing. And as long as there is food in your mouth, do not try to talk.

8. Text –related Information Sit up straight on your chair, do not lean heavily against the back. Never tilt the chair backward on two legs. You may lean the body slightly forward when you eat, but never lower the head down toward the plate. Your arms should be held close to your sides, so as not to touch the person next to you, and they should not rest on the table when you are eating.

9. Text –related Information Do not make any noise when you eat. It is bad manners at a Western meal to make any noise with the mouth, such as noisily sipping the soup or smacking the lips or the still more unpleasant sound of belching. And if you have to cough or choke, use your napkin to cover your mouth.

10. Text –related Information Drink only when there is no food in your mouth. It is bad manners to take a mouthful of food and then wash it down with a gulp of water. Be sure your lips are not greasy when you drink from your glass. Try not to get your lips greasy. If you do, you have your napkin to wipe them with.

11. Warm-up Activities • Free Discussion • Introductory Remarks

12. Warm-up Activities • Do different countries have different table manners? • 2. Could you give examples of table manners in the East and the West? • 3. Do the table manners never change with the time?

13. Warm-up Activities In different parts of the world, there are different table manners and customs. People in the East eat in different ways from those in the West. Even among western countries there are differences between table manners. And what’s more, in one country, table manners have not always been the same and changed with time.

14. Text learning • Questions for Thought • Outline • Language Points • After-reading Task

15. Questions for Thought 1. What is thought to be good table manners in Great Britain? 2. Are the table manners the same all over the world? 3. Do the table manners change with the time? 1. In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. 2. No. there are differences between table manners in various countries. 3. Table manners of course have changed with time.

16. Para. 1. Para. 2. Paras.3-4 Paras. 5-7 Outline of the Text There are different table manners in different parts of the world. The richer and more educated people in the East have, to a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of Western people. In the west there are differences between table manners in various countries — in holding knife and fork, in drinking. Table manners have changed with time.

17. Language Points Table Manners and Customs 1In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table.In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, what are considered good table manners in some other countries are what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

18. Language Points 2The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to a great extenttaken up the table manners and customs of Western people. Tables and chairs have replaced the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would be wrong to eat unless they were sitting on a cushion before a low table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side.

19. Language Points 3In the West there are differences between table manners in various countries, although they are not so marked. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) special knives and forks are used for eating fish. In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.

20. Language Points 4Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals. 5Table manners of course have changed with time. The earliest meals were also the simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot on the fire or cut bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.

21. Language Points 6Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt.” The ordinary people sat below the salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the 17th century.

22. Language Points 7Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

23. fall off: to come off by falling • e.g. • A button has fallen off my coat. • Has the boy fallen off the bicycle again?

24. to a great extent: to a large degree Translate 1. To a great extent, Japan depends on the importation of raw materials. 日本在很大程度上依赖原材料进口。

25. to a great extent: to a large degree Translate 2. 这场火灾很大程度上是由工人粗心造成的。 The fire disaster, to a great extent, was caused by carelessness of the workers.

26. take up : start or begin, learn to do Translate 1. After his retirement, the president took up biography writing. 退休后，这位总统开始写传记。

27. take up : start or begin, learn to do Translate 2. 在他70岁高龄，这位老人开始学习他的第五种外语。 At the age of seventy, the old man took up his fifth foreign language.

28. course:a part of a meal which is served separately from the other parts • e.g. • A four-course lunch • A traditional British main course consists of a meat dish with potatoes and other vegetables.

29. vary: 1) to be different 2) to change often • e.g. • There are a lot of flowers that vary greatly in color and size. • His mood seems to vary according to the weather.

30. wait on: serve food to someone at table Translate 1. He waits on her because she is sick and cannot do things for herself. 由于她有病不能自理，他来服侍她。

31. wait on: serve food to someone at table Translate 2. 有的孩子习惯于在餐桌上被人照顾。 Some children are used to being waited on at table.

32. eat off: to eat one’s food from (certain dishes) • e.g. • Does the Queen really eat her meals off gold plates?

33. prevent…from: to stop someone from doing something • e.g. • The rain prevented me from coming.

34. After-reading Task • Table manners are different from country to country. • 2. British people don’t like foreign table manners no matter how good they are. • 3. Western table manners and customs used to be better than those of the East. • 4. Sitting on a cushion before a low table is typically Japanese table manners. • 5. How to use a knife while eating is quite different among Western countries. • 6. It seems that salt used to be something valuable in Britain. T Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage. F F T T T

35. avoid extent manners educate appreciate vary marked replace style course 1) I agree with you to a certain ______, but not totally. 2) Temperatures _____ with the time of the year. 3) They all tried to ______ mentioning that name. 4) We should ________ our children, above all, to behave well. 5) His writings are similar in ______ to Oscar Wilde’s. Exercise in Class Exercise 3, P. 76-77 Fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the form where necessary. extent vary avoid educate style

36. 6) I don’t think that a mother’s love can be ________ by anything else. 7) It is considered bad ________ to talk with your mouth full of food. 8) We hope that more and more people will be able to ___________ serious music. 9) There is a _______ difference between the well-mannered and the ill-mannered. 10) Their dinner usually consists of three ________: soup, meat or fish, and cake or pie. Exercise in Class avoid extent manners educate appreciate vary marked replace style course replaced manners appreciate marked courses

37. Listening Practice 1. A. He’s got a cold. B. He’s running a fever. C. He’s broken his leg. D. He’s got a headache 《实用英语I》Unit 4 Listening & Speaking Part III – A, P.84

38. Listening Practice 2. A. He’s got a cold. B. He’s running a fever. C. He’s broken his leg. D. He’s got a headache

39. Listening Practice 3. A. He’s lost his job. B. He’s failed his examination C. He’s had an argument with his boss. D. He’s lost his passport.

40. Listening Practice 4. A. He’s lost his job. B. He’s failed his examination C. He’s had an argument with his boss. D. He’s lost his passport. Check-up

41. Listening Practice W: Hello, Tom, what’s the matter? You don’t look very well. M: I don’t feel well. I’ve got a bad cold. W: I’m sorry to hear that. 1. A. He’s got a cold. B. He’s running a fever. C. He’s broken his leg. D. He’s got a headache

42. Listening Practice W: Is anything wrong? You look terrible. M: I’ve got an awful headache. W: Sorry about that. I hope you’ll be better soon. 2. A. He’s got a cold. B. He’s running a fever. C. He’s broken his leg. D. He’s got a headache

43. Listening Practice W: What’s the trouble, Mike? You look very worried. M: Yes, I’ve lost my passport. W: Bad luck. Have you told the police? 3. A. He’s lost his job. B. He’s failed his examination C. He’s had an argument with his boss. D. He’s lost his passport.

44. Listening Practice W: What’s the trouble, Peter? M: I’ve failed my Chinese examination. W: Oh, bad luck. 4. A. He’s lost his job. B. He’s failed his examination C. He’s had an argument with his boss. D. He’s lost his passport.

45. Listening Practice Part III-B, P. 84 1. You are going to hear a short story. Listen to it twice and then put the answer to the question in the blank. Question: How could the old gentleman know there was a beautiful girl? Answer: He could see from the two young men’s eyes.

46. A B 1) There were flowers a. in Paris. 2) There were two young men walking b. along the River Seine. c. on both sides of the river. 3) There were boats 4) The two old gentlemen were walking d. on the water. e. towards the two old gentlemen. 5) There was a beautiful girl f. behind the two old gentlemen. 6) Two old gentlemen lived Listening Practice 2. Listen to the story again and then match the items in Column A with the items in Column B. Check-up

47. Listening Practice Two old gentlemen lived in Paris. They were walking along the River Seine. There were flowers on both sides and boats on the water. Suddenly, one of them said,” There is a very beautiful girl. ” “ Where is the girl?” said the other, looking to the right, then to the left. “ I can only see two young men walking towards us.” “The girl must be behind us”, whispered the first man. “ Just look at the two young men’s eyes. ”