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FILTRATION

FILTRATION. CE326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Tim Ellis, Associate Professor March 7, 2008. Definitions.

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FILTRATION

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  1. FILTRATION CE326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Tim Ellis, Associate Professor March 7, 2008

  2. Definitions • Filtration: A process for separating s_____________ and c ______________ impurities from water by passage through a porous medium, usually a bed of sand. Most particles removed in filtration are much smaller than the pore size between the sand grains, and therefore, adequate particle d______________ (coagulation) is extremely important.

  3. Filtration Spectrum VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MICRO PARTICLES MACRO PARTICLES MOLECULES MACRO MOLECULES IONS MICRON Angström Molecular weight Sugars Viruses Algae and protozoans Dissolved salts Bacteria Pesticides Colloids Metal ions Sands Humic acids Reverse Osmosis Microfiltration Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration CONVENTIONAL FILTRATION Note : 1 Angström = 10-10 meter = 10-4 micron

  4. Performance • The influent t__________ ranges from 1 - 10 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) with a typical value of 3 NTU. Effluent turbidity is about ______ NTU.

  5. Media • Medium SG • sand 2.65 • anthracite 1.45 - 1.73 • garnet 3.6 - 4.2

  6. History • S s filters were introduced in 1804: • sand diameter 0.2 mm • depth 1 m • loading rate 3 - 8 m3/d·m2 low and

  7. Slow Sand Filters • S ___________________ - gelatinous matrix of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rotifera and a range of aquatic insect larvae. • As a Schmutzdecke ages, more algae tend to develop, and larger aquatic organisms may be present including some bryozoa, snails and annelid worms.

  8. http://water.shinshu-u.ac.jp/e_ssf/e_ssf_link/usa_story/12Someyafilteralgae.jpghttp://water.shinshu-u.ac.jp/e_ssf/e_ssf_link/usa_story/12Someyafilteralgae.jpg

  9. apid • R sand filters were introduced about 1890: • effective size 0.35 - 0.55 mm • uniformity coef. 1.3 - 1.7 • depth 0.3 - 0.75 m • loading rate 120 - 240 m3/d·m2

  10. D m filters introduced about 1940: • Depth: • anthracite (coal) 0.45 m • sand 0.3 m • loading rate 300 m3/d·m2 ual edia

  11. Operation Filtration Backwash Backwash water out Fluidized Filter Media Backwash Water Filter Media Filtered Water Underdrain Support

  12. Particle Removal Mechanisms • Gravity • Inertial • Interception • Diffusion

  13. Inertia

  14. Particle Removal Mechanisms

  15. Ideal Filter Run Filter Ripening Period (Turbidity < 0.1 NTU in 15 min) Terminal Head loss

  16. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 20

  17. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 21

  18. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 22

  19. Wheeler Block

  20. Air-Scouring Underdrain 24

  21. Leopold Type S™ Technology Underdrain 25

  22. Air-Scouring Underdrain 26

  23. Bachwash Efficiency • 24 nozzles/ft2 or 268 nozzles/m2 - good • 5 nozzles/ft2 or 55 nozzles/m2 - acceptable • < 4 nozzles/ft2 or 40 nozzles/m2 – large dead zones 27

  24. Automatic Backwash Filter

  25. Automatic Backwash Filter

  26. Water Towers, 1951-1970, Water District No. 54Located on the north side of the Des Moines Field House, near the current skateboard park

  27. Stanton, Iowa - 96 feet tall. - holds 2,400,000 cups of coffee (150,000 gals.)  - completed in time for Homecoming 2000.  Hollywood screen and TV personality Virginia Christine, "Mrs. Olson" of coffee commercial fame, was one of Stanton's famous daughters. At the time of our centennial in 1970, Virginia came home to be our parade marshal. During the celebration she served coffee to the public. Stanton's water tower was converted to a giant Swedish coffeepot the following year.

  28. Atlanta, Illinois Helm, California Adair, Iowa Ironwood, Michigan Markle, Indiana

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