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The Roman empire

The Roman empire. Bellringer – Happy October! . In what ways did the governments of Rome and Athens differ? (You can use your book). The Roman Republic. Rome’s Geography Seven rolling hills Center of Italy Fertile Soil Origins of Rome Adage of Romulus and Remus Tiber River.

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The Roman empire

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  1. The Roman empire

  2. Bellringer – Happy October! • In what ways did the governments of Rome and Athens differ? (You can use your book)

  3. The Roman Republic • Rome’s Geography • Seven rolling hills • Center of Italy • Fertile Soil • Origins of Rome • Adage of Romulus and Remus • Tiber River

  4. First Romans • 1000 – 500 BCE • Latins • Original settlement • Palatine Hill • Greeks • 750 – 600 BCE • At peak of Greek empire, established colonies in S. Italy. • Etruscans • Northern Italy • Skilled metalworkers • Influenced Roman architecture (arch) Palatine Hill

  5. Early Republic • 600 BCE – 509 BCE • Small city ---- 500 sq. miles • Forum built • Tarquin the Proud • Harsh tyrant • Romans declared they would never be ruled by a king again

  6. Establishment of “res publica” • Res publica – Latin for “public affairs” • Republic • Power lies in citizens who elect officials • Patricians and Plebians • Pats – Wealthy landowners • Plebs – Common citizens (couldn’t hold office • Twelve Tables • Set of first written laws in Rome

  7. Government in Republic • Consuls • Two “Leaders” • 1 year terms • Controlled army and gov’t • Senate • 300 • Initially only Pats • Tribal Assembly • Made laws • Initially only Plebs

  8. Punic Wars • 265 BCE – Rome conquers Italy • War with Carthage • First Punic War • 246 – 241 BCE • Control of Sicily and western Mediterranean • Carthage – 0, Rome - 1

  9. Punic Wars • Second Punic War • 218 BCE • Carthage led by Hannibal • Tried to avenge first Punic War • Assembled 59,000 men • Traveled through Alps – ½ his men died • Rolled on Rome for 10 years • 202 (Rome gains allies) – defeat Hannibal at Zama

  10. Third Punic War • 149 – 146 BCE • Rome lays siege to Carthage • 50,000 Carthaginians sold into slavery • By 70 BCE – Roman empire extens from Anatolia in East to Spain in West

  11. REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE!

  12. Collapse of Republic • Economic Turmoil • Military Upheaval • Welcome, Julius Caesar!

  13. Caesar Comes to Power • 59 BC – helped by Crassus and Pompey • Triumvir for 10 years • Consul of Gaul (modern day France) • 46 BC – Returned to Rome – Dictator • 44 BC – Dictator for Life

  14. Caesar’s Reforms • Citizenship for conquered • Created Jobs • Expanded Senate Ultimately….. Stabbed 23 times on the Senate floor (March 15, 44 BC)

  15. EMPIRE • Second Triumvir (43 – 33 BC) • Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus • Mark Antony falls for Cleopatra, moves to Egypt. • Lepidus forced out • Octavian declared “Augustus” (exalted one)

  16. PaxRomana • “Roman Peace” • 27 BC – 180 CE • 3 Million sq. miles • 60 – 80 million people • A sound government • Civil service • Beatified Rome • Augustus died in 14 CE

  17. Emergence of Christianity • Roman rule spreads to Judea • Jesus of Nazareth • 4-6 BCE  29 CE • Jerusalem • Paul spreads Christianity • PaxRomana facilitated Christianity’s spread • Persecution of Christians intensifies as PaxRomana crumbles (mid 100s) • Constantine • “Milan Edict” – 312 BCE

  18. Fall of Rome • End of PaxRomana • Marcus Aurelius • Economy Weakens • Inflation • Lack of sources of gold and silver • Poor agriculture

  19. Emperors Attempt Reform • Diocletian • Fixed prices • Doubled military • Divided Rome into two parts (East and West) • Constantine • 324 – reunites two sides of Roman Empire • Moves capital from Rome to Byzantium (Turkey) and changes name to Constantinople

  20. Germanic Invasions • 370 – Mongol nomads (Huns) push Germans into Rome • Germans attack Rome • Attila the Hun – 444 • Attacked over 70 cities with 100,000 • Died in 453 and Huns were no longer an issue 476 – Last Roman Emperor – Romulus Agustulus – ousted by German forces – Eastern half of empire – Byzantine Empire

  21. Legacy of Rome • Greco-Roman culture • Roman Fine Arts • Pompeii • Mosaics • Bas-relief • Painting • Literature • Virgil – Aeneid • Historians • Tacitus

  22. Legacy of Rome • Latin • Romance Languages • ½ of English words derive from Latin • Architecture • Arch, dome, concrete • Law • Justice • All equal under law • Innocent until proven guilty • Burden of proof

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