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The Fall of the Roman Republic: Key Events and Influential Figures

Chapter 6, Section 2 explores the collapse of the Roman Republic, highlighting the instability caused by economic turmoil, social discontent, and military upheaval. Key figures such as Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus and the rise of Julius Caesar are examined, detailing how personal ambitions led to the establishment of a new form of governance. The text also covers the subsequent transition to Empire, featuring the pivotal roles of Octavian, Mark Antony, and Cleopatra, alongside the profound impacts of Caesar’s reforms and the Pax Romana.

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The Fall of the Roman Republic: Key Events and Influential Figures

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Roman Empire Chapter 6, Section 2

  2. Roman Republic Collapses • Expansion = republican government becoming unstable • Discontent among lower class

  3. Economic Turmoil and Military Upheaval • 100 B.C.- 1/3 of Rome’s pop. was enslaved persons • Competition among farms • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • Generals seized power • New loyal soldiers, not loyal to the republic

  4. Julius Caesar Takes Control • 60 B.C.: joined forces with Crassus and Pomey • Elected to consul in 59 B.C. • Triumvirate • Disagreements with Pompey • 44 B.C.: named dictator for life

  5. Caesar’s Reforms • Absolute ruler • Opened up citizenship • Expanded the senate • Created more jobs • Assassination plot • Caesar’s death

  6. The Roman empire Section 2

  7. Beginning of the Empire • Civil War • Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus • Octavian vs. Mark Antony • Cleopatra • Octavian = Augustus

  8. Important Facts • Cleopatra: b. 69 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt; d. 30 B.C. • Daughter of Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes • Married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII, after his death married her younger brother Ptolemy XIV; later married Mark Antony • Was the last pharaoh of Egypt; Rome took control of Egypt after her death • Committed suicide after Mark Antony

  9. Vast and Powerful Empire • 207 years, peace throughout the empire • PaxRomana- “Roman Peace” • 3 million square miles

  10. A Sound Government • Efficient government • Augustus • Stabilized the frontier • Public buildings • Civil service • Died in 14 A.D. • Spain to Mesopotamia, N. Africa to Britain

  11. Roman Empire

  12. Agriculture and Trade • Agriculture was the most important industry • Common coinage (denaruius) • Vast trade network • Complex road system

  13. Road System

  14. The Roman World • Values • Discipline, strength, and loyalty • Honored strength more than beauty • Power more than grace • Usefulness more than elegance • Living on the countryside • Living in Rome and smaller cities

  15. Slaves and Captivity • Significant part of Roman life • Most were conquered peoples • Roman law: slaves were property • Cities and farms • Gladiators • No slave revolt was successful • More than 1 million died trying to gain freedom

  16. Gods and Goddesses • Numina • Lares- guardian spirits • Government and religion linked • Deities were symbols of the state • Jupiter • Juno • Minerva

  17. Society and Culture • Large gap between social groups • Colosseum • Rise of Christianity

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