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History of the Old Testament

History of the Old Testament. Judah in the 7th Century 2 Kings 21-24; 2 Chronicles 33-36 Zephaniah; Jeremiah Habakkuk; Nahum. Introduction. Judah’s longevity … WHY? a few good kings turned the nation toward repentance & spiritual renewal (cf. 2 Kg. 23:24-27; 2 Chr. 32:26; 34:26-28)

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History of the Old Testament

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  1. History of the Old Testament Judah in the 7th Century 2 Kings 21-24; 2 Chronicles 33-36 Zephaniah; Jeremiah Habakkuk; Nahum

  2. Introduction • Judah’s longevity … WHY? • a few good kings turned the nation toward repentance & spiritual renewal (cf. 2 Kg. 23:24-27; 2 Chr. 32:26; 34:26-28) • Judah’s doom … WHY? • persistent covenant-breaking behavior

  3. Manasseh's Reign (2 Kg. 21; 2 Chr. 33) • Hezekiah's efforts to return to the covenant demands: short-lived • Manasseh (son): • 55 year long, reign of terror (2 Kg. 21:16) • Mixed reviews: • terrified by Assyria • fascinated with Assyria

  4. Manasseh Inscriptions • vassal of Assyria on archaeological artifacts • prisoner: a hook thru his nose ... repented of his evil & prayed for mercy (2 Chr. 33:10-13) • Eventually ... restored to Jerusalem • Penitent prayer (2 Chr. 33:12, 19) • Anonymous Jew: • prayer in honor of this repentance

  5. Zephaniah & Josiah's Reforms (2Kg. 22-23; 2 Chr. 34-35; Zep. 1-3) Rebuke vs. Religious & Social Abuses • blistering judgment: • pagan worship (Zep. 1:4-5) • adoption of pagan customs & superstitions (Zep. 1:8-9) • Political & religious leaders: • deeply corrupt (Zep. 3:1-4)

  6. Zephaniah (cont.) • citizens: indifferent(Zep. 1:12) • Only hope: thorough-going repentance (Zep. 2:1-3) ... • Little hope … really (Zep. 3:6-7) • Day of Yahweh's Judgment: NEAR(Zep. 1:7-18)

  7. Josiah

  8. Josiah (cont.) • Purge: false religion! • Renew the covenant! (2 Kg. 23) • Greatest celebration of Passover since the time of Samuel (2 Chr. 35:1-19)

  9. Mesopotamian Empire Builders • Babylon now on the rise • Alliance: Pharaoh-Neco II of Egypt w/Assyria vs. Babylonians: Battle at Carchemish • Josiah: • tried to stop Egyptians • Judah defeated ... • Josiah killed ... (2 Chr. 35)

  10. JeremiahHabakkuk & Nahum

  11. Powerful sense of the implications of covenant faithfulness and unfaithfulness ... called the nation to come to its spiritual senses ... again and again

  12. Jeremiah • temple: a den of thieves (Je. 7, 26) • false hopes in the dynasty of David were futile if the nation did not keep covenant with her God (Je. 21-23, 36, 45) • vs. the prophetic guild of the royal court, “itching ears” (Je. 14, 23, 27-29)

  13. Jeremiah • powerful parables: • imminent disaster (Je. 13, cf. 18, 19, 24, 25, 32, 35) • confessions and prayers: • frustrations w/his calling & message (Je. 11:20-23; 12:1-6; 15:10-21; 17:14-18; 18:18-23; 20:7-13; 20:14-18)

  14. Jeremiah (cont.) • lived to see fulfillment of predications • endured the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem ... he saw the city fall (Je. 34, 37-39, 52) • taken to Egypt w/fleeing Jewish refugees (40-41)

  15. Habakkuk dialogue betwn Habukkuk & Yahweh corruption!!!!! Q: “Why do you allow this to go on?”(Ha. 1:2-4)

  16. Habakkuk • How could Yahweh punish Judah with a Babylonian invasion, since Babylon was even worse than Judah (Ha. 1:12--2:1)? • Would God simply allow violence and destruction to increase without limit (Ha. 1:17)?

  17. Habakkuk • Habakkuk’s prayer: • God's judgment on the nations & salvation of his own people (Ha. 3)

  18. “...the righteous will live by his faith...” (Ha. 2:4; 3:17-19)

  19. Nahum • Oracle of Judgment: Nineveh(Na. 1:1; 2:1) • Comparison: the coming downfall w/the recent downfall of Thebes in Egypt in 664-663 B.C. (Na. 3:7-11)

  20. The Last Days of Judah (2 Kg. 24; 2 Chr. 36) 587-586 B.C.

  21. Kings Following Josiah • all corrupt!!!! • political situation: very unstable!!!

  22. Kings Following Josiah • Jehoahaz (3 months): exiled to Egypt • Jehoiakim (puppet king of Pharaoh-Necho II): invaded by Babylon ... vassal to Nebuchadnezzar • Jehoiachin (3 months): surrendered to Babylonian army ... taken prisoner to Babylon w/deportation of Judean citizens

  23. Kings Following Josiah • Zedekiah (puppet king of Babylon): Jerusalem under siege until the city wall was breached... ... the foreigners torched the city ... ... and the temple ... ... after they had looted ... ... everything of value ...

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