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Of the Old Testament

Poetic Books. Of the Old Testament. © John Stevenson, 2010. Psalms. The Hymnbook of God. Title for the Book. Hebrew Titles:. Tehillim (“praises”). Tephilloth (“prayers”). The prayers [ tephilloth ] of David son of Jesse are ended (Psalm 71:20). Greek Title:. Psalmoi (“songs”).

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Of the Old Testament

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  1. Poetic Books Of the Old Testament © John Stevenson, 2010

  2. Psalms The Hymnbook of God

  3. Title for the Book • Hebrew Titles: • Tehillim (“praises”). • Tephilloth (“prayers”). The prayers [tephilloth] of David son of Jesse are ended (Psalm 71:20).

  4. Greek Title: Psalmoi (“songs”). Title for the Book • Hebrew Titles: • Tehillim (“praises”). • Tephilloth (“prayers”).

  5. Characteristics of the Psalms • A thousand years of history • Musical instruments • Quoted in New Testament • Relates our response to God • A “sensory” book

  6. Hebrew Masoretic Text Differences in Chapters Septuagint

  7. Hebrew Masoretic Text Differences in Verses Septuagint & English Translation Superscriptions numbered Superscriptions not numbered

  8. What are the different types of Psalms? • Praise Psalms • Songs of Thanksgiving • Royal Psalms • Wisdom Psalms • Psalms of Remembrance • Psalms of Lament • Imprecatory Psalms

  9. What are some of your favorite Psalms?

  10. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Chapt. 1-41 Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, From everlasting to everlasting. Amen and Amen. (Psalm 41:13).

  11. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 And blessed be His glorious name forever; And may the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen, and Amen. 20 The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended. (Psalm 72:19-20) Chapt. 1-41

  12. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Chapt. 1-41 Blessed be the LORD forever! Amen and Amen. (Psalm 89:52).

  13. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Chapt. 1-41 Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, From everlasting even to everlasting. And let all the people say, “Amen.” Praise the LORD! (Psalm 106:48).

  14. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Chapt. 1-41 Let everything that has breath praise the LORD. Praise the LORD! (Psalm 150:6).

  15. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41

  16. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 How did these divisions come about?

  17. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Numbers Deut.

  18. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Begins with man by a tree (1); the raging of the nations (2); near the end we see the Psalmist as a sojourner (39:12).

  19. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Begins with a thirst for God (42); and a prayer for God’s salvation against an ungodly nation (43)…

  20. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus …ends with God as a rock and a refuge (71).

  21. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Begins with a promise of God’s blessing to those who are pure in heart (73).

  22. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Ends with the Davidic Covenant

  23. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Numbers Begins with prayer of Moses and a reminder of man’s frailty (90).

  24. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Numbers Ends with a confession of Israel’s sins in the wilderness (106) as well as in the land.

  25. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Numbers Deut. Begins with a reminder of God’s past faithfulness (107).

  26. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 Genesis Exodus Lev. Numbers Deut. Psalm 119 has a special emphasis upon the word of God.

  27. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended. (Psalm 72:20)

  28. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 1-41 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Uses Yahweh 278 times Elohim only 15 times

  29. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 1-41 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Uses Yahweh 278 times Uses Elohim 198 times Yahweh only 32 times

  30. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 1-41 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Uses Yahweh 278 times Uses Elohim 198 times Uses Elohim 63 times Yahweh 44 times

  31. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 1-41 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Uses Yahweh 278 times Uses Elohim 198 times Uses Elohim 63 times Uses Yahweh 105 times Elohim 24 times

  32. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 1-41 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Uses Yahweh 278 times Uses Elohim 198 times Uses Elohim 63 times Uses Yahweh 105 times Yahweh 235 / Elohim 31

  33. 1862-1932 Hermann Gunkel • German theologian. • Professor of Old Testament in Berlin University. • Classified the Psalms into a number of different categories. • Strongly influenced by Wellhausen’s Documentary Hypothesis. • Psalms were thought to date to the Maccabean Period

  34. 1884-1965 Sigmund Mowinckel • Taught at the University of Oslo. • Further developed the ideas introduced by Gunkel. • Saw the Psalms from a cultic perspective. • Theorized their use in the fall festivals of Israel in an annual ceremony he called “the enthronement of Yahweh.”

  35. Found in 1928 • Ancient city of Ugarit • Dates to 1400 B.C. Ras Shamra

  36. Found in 1928 • Ancient city of Ugarit • Dates to 1400 B.C.

  37. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 When were the Psalms Composed?

  38. 1 Chronicles 16:4 He appointed some of the Levites as ministers before the ark of the LORD, even to celebrate and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel:

  39. 1 Chronicles 16:5-6 Asaph the chief, and second to him Zechariah, then Jeiel, Shemi-ramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed-edom and Jeiel, with musical instruments, harps, lyres; also Asaph played loud-sounding cymbals, 6 and Benaiah and Jahaziel the priests blew trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God.

  40. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41 When were the Psalms Collected?

  41. 2 Chronicles 29:30 Moreover, King Hezekiah and the officials ordered the Levites to sing praises to the LORD with the words of David and Asaph the seer. So they sang praises with joy, and bowed down and worshiped.

  42. Psalm 137:1-4 By the rivers of Babylon, There we sat down and wept, When we remembered Zion. 2 Upon the willows in the midst of it We hung our harps. 3 For there our captors demanded of us songs, And our tormentors mirth, saying, “Sing us one of the songs of Zion.” 4 How can we sing the LORD’S song In a foreign land?

  43. Literary Analysis

  44. Form Analysis Once upon a time… Therefore, be it resolved… Dear John…

  45. Form Analysis • Laments • Individual Lament • Communal Lament

  46. Form Analysis • Lament • Songs of Praise & Thanksgiving • Individual Thanksgiving • Communal Thanksgiving • Celebrating Yahweh’s kingship • Songs of Zion

  47. Form Analysis • Lament • Songs of Praise & Thanksgiving • Royal Psalms • Wisdom Psalms • Torah Psalms

  48. Psalms of Lament

  49. Psalms of Lament • This makes up the largest grouping of the Psalms (one third of all Psalms). • They are not the same as Lamentations • Lamentations is a funeral dirge for Jerusalem • Lament Psalms express faith in the midst of distressing times

  50. Psalms of Lament • There are two categories of laments. • Community laments • Individual laments

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