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Nuclear Security and Non-Proliferation in Kazakhstan

Nuclear Security and Non-Proliferation in Kazakhstan. The U.S. Foreign Policy Council Brian Riedy Dan DePetris Elliot Herman Jonathan Peres. Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan and Nuclear Weapons. Inheritance of nuclear weapons and material President Nursultan Nazerbayev

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Nuclear Security and Non-Proliferation in Kazakhstan

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  1. Nuclear Security and Non-Proliferation in Kazakhstan The U.S. Foreign Policy Council Brian Riedy Dan DePetris Elliot Herman Jonathan Peres

  2. Kazakhstan

  3. Kazakhstan and Nuclear Weapons • Inheritance of nuclear weapons and material • President NursultanNazerbayev • Orders cooperation with international inspectors • Nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament • Signs Lisbon Protocol • 2004: Implements IAEA Protocols • 2006: Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in Central Asia

  4. U.S. Involvement • U.S. a frequent partner • 1993: Bill Clinton and Nazerbayev • 1994/95: Last HEU destroyed • 2010: Barrack Obama applauds Kazakh Government

  5. State Capacity of Kazakhstan • “The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program’s overarching mission is to partner with willing countries to reduce the threat from weapons of mass destruction and related materials, technologies, and expertise, including provision of the safe destruction of Soviet-Era WMD, associated delivery systems, and related infrastructure. The CTR Program focuses on eliminating, securing, or consolidating WMD, related materials, and associated delivery systems and infrastructure at their sources in partner countries.”

  6. State Capacity of Kazakhstan Current Focus • Fissile and Radioactive Material Proliferation Prevention • Global Nuclear Lockdown • WMD Proliferation Prevention Initiative • Biological Threat Reduction Program

  7. State Capacity of Kazakhstan Security Breaches • Reports of stolen/missing radioactive material from plants • Unauthorized sale and shipment of radioactive material across state borders

  8. State Capacity of Kazakhstan Shift of Focus • Training and logistics to facility security • Comprehensive vetting system of officials working in nuclear, radioactive, biological material industry

  9. Border Security- The Basics • Kazakhstan: 9th largest country in the world • Neighbors: Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan • Caspian Sea connects borders to Iran and Azerbaijan • Key Factors • Former Nuclear History • Strategic Geographical Location • Strategic Political Relationships

  10. Border Security- Current Measures • National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KNB) • Modernization • Foreign Relations • Training • United States • Exchange Program • Department of State: NSOI • Department of Energy: NNSA • NTI and IAEA

  11. Border Security- Future Challenges • Tangible improvements and commitment • Future Policy • Funding • Personnel, technology/logistics, intelligence • Challenges

  12. Islamic Insurgency in Kazakhstan • Nature of Political Islam as opposition movement • Ethnic Tensions- destabilizing impact • TablighiJamaat • Muslim Brotherhood in Central Asia • Threat of Islamic Radicalism • From Political Islam to Extremism

  13. Islamic Extremist Groups in Region • East Turkish Liberation Organization • Jaamat of Central Asia Mujahideen

  14. Islamic Groups and WMD Material • AQ attempts to purchase HEU from Kazakhstan • Central Asia new battleground for Islamic identity • U.S. Operations in Afghanistan • Vulnerable to Uzbek extremist element

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