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Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective

Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective. TATA BP Solar case study. The Facts. It is estimated that nearly 5 Lakh homes in Bangalore city alone consume 3 million units of power every day between 6 AM & 9AM for water heating alone.

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Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective

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  1. Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective TATA BP Solar case study

  2. The Facts • It is estimated that nearly 5 Lakh homes in Bangalore city alone consume 3 million units of power every day between 6 AM & 9AM for water heating alone. • 32.8 Million MW of solar energy strikes Indian landscape every second

  3. Solar Water Heaters

  4. Solar Water Heaters

  5. Solar Water Heaters

  6. Schematic – Two tank system

  7. The panel

  8. Performance of SWH • Weather and Seasonal Changes in the Sun Path • Collector Orientation for optimal performance – year round • Maintenance (Scaling, Transparency etc.)

  9. Solar- Path

  10. Sectors • Industrial • Hospitals • Domestic Sector • Hotels • Hostels

  11. SWH Global Scenario • China 4,000,000 • India 2,000,000 • Japan 1,000,000 • Europe 890,000 • South Korea 500,000 • Turkey 430,000 • Israel 400,000 • USA 25,000 In square meters of collectors installed

  12. Indian Scenario

  13. GHG emission reduction • An effective DSM tool • 1000 Domestic water heaters shaves about 1 MW of peak load • Most of peak power is fossil fuel based • Replaces electrical counterpart (at least partially)

  14. TATA BP Solar India Limited A case study

  15. The Company • Leading solar equipment manufacturer in India • Sales turnover 1900 Million during 2001

  16. Sales Record

  17. Solar Geysers • In different sizes 100 – 10,000 LPD • Applications • Bathing • Medicinal bathing • Boiler feed • Process heating • Pool heating , washing , cooking

  18. CDM- Assumptions • Solar geysers will replace electrical counterparts • Current market growth will sustain for 3 years and later at 10% annum • Major policy changes NOT expected (espl. In –ve direction) • Reduced selling price on geyser will enhance the market adoption rate • KP Ratification & Enforcement

  19. Additionality • Investment Barrier YES • Technology Barrier not obvious • Prevailing practice YES • Market adoption rate YES

  20. Baseline methodology • I.C 12b SSC-PDD • Different Baseline & M&V for domestic and Commercial & Industrial systems • Domestic Systems • To be bundled to reduce m&V costs • Weighed average emission of the peak load generation mix (meth to be recommended)

  21. Baseline methodology contd.. • Industrial Systems • Displaces Diesel generated electricity than grid electricity – generation mix at the grid level is unfair • Commercial Systems • Bundling is necessary • Current generation mix of the grid

  22. Monitoring & Verification • Recording annually No. of systems Operating • Estimating the annual hrs. of operation

  23. Unresolved • Uncertainties of base line • Change in usage pattern of hot water • Climatic condition (monsoon, depression etc) • Solar intensity on ground (reduced 10% in last few decade) • Asian brown haze ? • Maintenance = Performance • Can be substantiated by buffer calculations (meth recommendation ?) • Annual targets are difficult to meet

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