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Imperialism

Imperialism. Unit 14. Terms. Nationalism – the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – to the people wit whom they share a culture and history – rather than to a king or empire

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism Unit 14

  2. Terms • Nationalism– the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – to the people wit whom they share a culture and history – rather than to a king or empire • Imperialism – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate their countries politically, economically, or socially

  3. Terms • Sphere of Influence – a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities • Annexation – the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit • Assimilation – a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

  4. Motives Driving Imperialism • New markets and raw materials • Europeans believed they were better than other peoples • Racism – the idea that one race is superior to others • Social Darwinism • Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” • Christianization

  5. Forces Enabling Imperialism • Advancement in Weapons • Advancements in Travel • Advancements in Medicine

  6. Africa Pre-Imperialism • People were divided into hundreds of different groups • Powerful African armies kept Europeans from control • Trade networks kept Europeans from controlling sources of trade • Travel was difficult if not impossible

  7. Berlin Conference, 1884-85 • Who? • 14 European nations • What? • Met to lay down rules for the division of Africa • When? • 1884-1885 • Where? • Africa • Why? • To maintain peace between European nations

  8. The Boer War • Who? • Boers (Dutch for “farmers”) • What? • Took over native Africans’ land and established large farms • When? • 1899 • Where? • Cape of Good Hope • Why? • Boers tried to keep outsiders from gaining political rights

  9. Patterns of Change: Imperialism • Colony • A country or a region governed internally by a foreign power • Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony

  10. Patterns of Change: Imperialism • Protectorate • A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power • Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta

  11. Patterns of Change: Imperialism • Sphere of Influence • An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges • Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States

  12. Patterns of Change: Imperialism • Economic Imperialism • Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments • The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

  13. Question… • Which two forms are guided by interests in business or trade? • What is the difference between a protectorate and a colony?

  14. Management Methods • Indirect Control • Local government officials were used • Limited self-rule • Goal: to develop future leaders • Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rulers • Examples • British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma • US colonies on Pacific Islands

  15. Management Methods • Direct Control • Foreign officials brought in to rule • No self-rule • Goal: assimilation • Government institutions are based only on European styles • Examples • French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam • German colonies such as Tanganyika • Portuguese colonies such as Angola

  16. Question… • In which management method are the people less empowered to rule themselves? • In what ways are the two management methods different?

  17. African Resistance • The battle for power was never equal due to the European’s superior arms • Some tribes allied themselves with the Europeans to defeat rivals • Algeria resisted French rule for almost 50 years • Africans forced to grow European cash crops neglected their food supplies and famine broke out

  18. Effects of Colonial Rule • Positive • Reduced local warfare • Brought hospitals and schools

  19. Effects of Colonial Rule • Negative • Africans lost control of lands and independence • Introduction of new diseases • Famines • Breakdown of traditional culture

  20. Other Countries Effected… • Ottoman Empire • Persia • Singapore • Malaysia • Burma • Malaysia • Vietnam • Laos • Cambodia • Philippines • Puerto Rico • Guam

  21. Suez Canal, Egypt • Connected the Red sea to the Mediterranean • Built with French money and Egyptian labor • Opened in 1869 • Egypt could not pay for the operation of the canal • British stepped in to oversee financial control • 1882, Britain occupied Egypt

  22. Panama Canal • The US Navy could move more rapidly from the Atlantic to the Pacific

  23. India • East India Company Dominates • Ruled India with little interference from the British government • Established army – led by British officers and staffed by sepoys – Indian soldiers

  24. India • Britain set up restrictions preventing the Indian economy from operating on its own • India would produce raw materials • India would purchase British manufactured goods

  25. Impact of Colonialism – India • Positive • World’s third largest railroad • Modernization • Schools and colleges – improved literacy • British troops ended local warfare

  26. Impact of Colonialism – India • Negative • British held political and economic power • British restricted Indian-owned industries • Focus on cash crops caused famines

  27. Sepoy Mutiny • Who? • Sepoys – Indian soldiers • What? • Rumor spread the Enfield rifle cartridges were sealed with beef and pork fat • When? • May 10, 1857 • Where? • India • Why? • Soldiers who refused cartridges were jailed; Sepoys rebelled; Took more than a year for East India Company to regain control

  28. Indian Nationalist Movement • Indians resented a system that made them second-class citizens in their own country • By the early 1900s, they were calling for self-government

  29. Hawaii • Sugar-cane plantations – American owned • 1890 McKinley Tariff Act passed – eliminated tax on sugar • Hawaii’s sugar no longer cheapest • Business leaders pushed for annexation • Queen Liluokalani was removed from power • US annexed Hawaii

  30. Opium War, 1839 • Who? • British and Chinese • What? • Trading of Opium (narcotic) • When? • 1835 • Where? • China • Why? • Chinese lost to British navy; Opened Chinese trading ports

  31. The Boxer Rebellion – China • Peasants and workers resented privileges granted to foreigners • Resented Chinese Christians protected by foreign missionaries • Known as Society of Harmonious Fists – Boxers • Surrounded the European section • Multinational force of 20,000 troops marched toward Beijing • Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and the United States • China defeated

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