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IMPERIALISM

IMPERIALISM. ONE COUNTRY’S DOMINATION OF THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE OF ANOTHER COUNTRY and denzel. 3 Key Factors of Imperialism in the 1800s. nationalism : caused nations to build empires in their competitive quest for power industrial revolution created need for more raw materials

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IMPERIALISM

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  1. IMPERIALISM ONE COUNTRY’S DOMINATION OF THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE OF ANOTHER COUNTRY and denzel

  2. 3 Key Factors of Imperialism in the 1800s • nationalism: caused nations to build empires in their competitive quest for power • industrial revolution created need for more raw materials • cultural superiority and religious fervor

  3. Other Motives For Imperialism • Loss of New World Europe • 1760s - France lost Canada & India to Britain • 1770s - Britain lost American colonies to independence • Early 1800s - Spain & Portugal lost Latin American colonies to independence • Simon Bolivar • San Martin

  4. Africa Before Imperialism • hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups • most followed traditional beliefs, while some converted to Christianity and Islam • politically ranged from large empires to small villages • by late 1880s only 10% of Africa was controlled by Europeans

  5. Nationalism and Rivalries

  6. first people to penetrate into Africa from Europe were missionaries and explorers • missionaries believed that they could save the souls of Africans by converting them to Christianity • they built schools and hospitals • explorers were hired to produce stories of adventure and excitement for European publications • Cecil Rhodes British adventurer; made fortune in gold and diamonds; Rhodes University and Rhodes Scholarship named after him • David Livingstone explorer who traveled inner Africa setting up missions and writing detailed accounts; discovered Victoria Falls • Henry Stanley British journalist sent to find Livingstone after he had not reported in; “Dr Livingstone I presume” • Livingstone and Stanley generated interest in Africa from their travels and accounts

  7. From 1880 to 1914 European imperialists carved up Africa, partitioning or dividing it among themselves • Competition was so fierce Europe feared that war would spark • To prevent conflict, 14 countries met at Berlin Conference to lay down rules for dividing Africa • Agreed any European country could claim land by notifying other nations of its claim and showing it could control the area • Little thought or interest was given to how Africa felt

  8. Industrial Revolution

  9. Europe and the US needed raw materials for industry • Created new markets for goods produced from raw materials • Rubber, copper, gold and palm oil from Africa • Cotton from India, tin from SE Asia • Entrepreneurs sent back African goods to Europe for sale • Steam engines would eventually allow boats to navigate waters to penetrate inner Africa

  10. Cultural Superiority and Religious Fervor

  11. As mentioned, missionaries came to Africa early on to set up missions and convert natives • Most Europeans felt that the Africans were savages and forced western culture on conquered peoples • Europeans discouraged the practice of native traditions and rituals • “White Man’s Burden” by Kipling • Social Darwinism: social theory of the time; said the fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others

  12. FORMS OF IMPERIALISM • COLONY: “Mother Country” directly rules region (Somaliland was a colony of the French) • PROTECTORATE: “Mother Country” allows native rulers to stay in power, but controls them (British established a protectorate over Niger) • SPHERE OF INFLUENCE: country has exclusive rights to trade in particular region (Liberia was under a sphere of influence of the US)

  13. Lesser Known Forms of Imperialism • CONCESSION: country granted exclusive right to exploit a particular resource • ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM: An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments (Dole Fruit Company in Hawaii)

  14. Imperialism in Asia

  15. Methods of Gaining Control • Military Invasion • claim that area is a threat • claim that disorder threatens business in region • Indebtedness • ruler of region gets loans from other country • falls under their control • Gain Concession • then send in support (military) to protect concession • War • conquer territory

  16. Treatment of Native People • Enslave or force labor • Segregation - separated natives and Euro colonists (Dutch, English, Germans) • Assimilation - try to get natives to adopt European culture (France)

  17. Negative Africans lost land, independence, native cultures and traditions Colonial divisions caused problems to natives (broke up families, broke up native alliances) Took resources from Africa to foster industrialization in Europe Positive Reduced local warfare Economic growth in Africa Humanitarian efforts helped improve African lives Effects of Imperialism

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