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Upper Limb

Upper Limb. Lower Limb. Scapula Humerus Radius, ulna Carpals Digits Metacarpals Phalanges. Pelvis Femur Tibia, fibula Tarsals Digits Metatarsals Phalanges. Tibia/fibula. Tibia--big toe side Fibula--little toe side (no pronation/supination). Ankle. Talus--forms ankle joint

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Upper Limb

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  1. Upper Limb Lower Limb • Scapula • Humerus • Radius, ulna • Carpals • Digits • Metacarpals • Phalanges • Pelvis • Femur • Tibia, fibula • Tarsals • Digits • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  2. Tibia/fibula • Tibia--big toe side • Fibula--little toe side (no pronation/supination)

  3. Ankle • Talus--forms ankle joint • Calcaneus--forms heel

  4. Foot • Function: • Support weight • Act as lever when walking • Tarsals • Talus = ankle • Between tibia + fibula • Articulates w/both • Calcaneus = heel • Attachment for Calcaneal tendon • Carries talus • Metatarsals • Homologous to metacarpals • Phalanges • Smaller,

  5. Joints of Lower Limb • Hip (femur + acetabulum) • Ball + socket • Multiaxial • Synovial • Knee (femur + patella) • Gliding of patella • Synovial • Knee (femur + tibia) • Hinge • Biaxial • Synovial

  6. Hip Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Lateral/medial rotation Knee Flexion/extension Ankle Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion Inversion/eversion Toes Flexion/extension . Lower Limb Movements

  7. Female Male • Cavity is broad, shallow • Pelvic inlet oval + outlet round • Bones are lighter, thinner • Pubic angle larger • Coccyx more flexible, straighter • Ischial tuberosities shorter, more everted • Cavity is narrow, deep • Smaller inlet + outlet • Bones heavier, thicker • Pubic angle more acute • Coccyx less flexible, more curved • Ischial tuberosities longer, face more medially

  8. Posterior thigh (sciatic n.) • Hamstrings • Biceps femoris • Semimembranous • Semitendinous

  9. Medial thigh (obturator n.) • Adductor muscles • Gracilis • Adductor • Magnus • Longus • brevis

  10. Anterior Leg (deep fibular n.) • Extensors (dorsiflexors) • Fibularis (peroneus) longus • Extensor digitorum longus • Extensor hallicus longus • Tibialis anteriorus

  11. Lateral Leg (superficial fibular n.) • Fibularis brevis/longus

  12. Posterior Leg (tibial n.) • Flexors (plantarflexors) • Gastrocs and soleus • Flexor digitorum longus • Flexor hallucus longus

  13. pg 792 Surface Anatomy: Anterior Thigh + Leg • Palpate • Patella • Condyles of femur • Femoral Triangle • Sartorius (lateral) • Adductor longus (medial) • Inguinal ligament (superior) • Femoral a + v, lymph nodes pg 785

  14. Surface Anatomy: Posterior Leg • Popliteal fossa • Diamond-shape fossa behind knee • Boundaries • Biceps femoris (sup-lat) • Semitendinosis + semimembranosis (sup-med) • Gastrocnemius heads (inf) • Contents • Popliteal a + v • Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon pg 793

  15. Blood supply to lower limb • Internal Iliac • Cranial + Caudal Gluteals= gluteals • Internal Pudendal = perineum, external genitalia • Obturator = adductor muscles • External Iliac • Femoral = lower limb • Deep femoral = adductors, hamstrings, quadriceps • Popliteal (continuation of femoral) • Geniculars = knee • Anterior Tibial = ant. leg muscles, further branches to feet • Posterior Tibial = flexor muscles, plantar arch, branches to toes

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