The Digestive System

1. The Digestive System MA.5.L.14.1 Objective: I will be able to explain the functions of the organs of the digestive system.

2. Check for understanding: I can evaluate the necessity of a human body organ and justify my reasoning using appropriate vocabulary. I can identify the organs of the human body and describe their functions. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body.

3. Organs the make up the digestive system • Mouth (including tongue, teeth) • Salivary Glands • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Pancreas • Liver • Large Intestine • What role does each of these play in digesting (breaking down and absorbing) food?

4. Now that you know the components of the digestive system, let’s reassess our understanding: I can evaluate the necessity of a human body organ and justify my reasoning using appropriate vocabulary. I can identify the organs of the human body and describe their functions. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body.

5. The Mouth • The mouth consists of many parts that start the process of digestion. • Of these many parts, we want to focus on the major features: • Teeth • Tongue • Salivary Glands

6. The teeth • Different types perform different functions: • Front – cutting • Rear – grinding • Overall, the teeth’s job is to break the food down into smaller pieces and mix in saliva to start digestion.

7. The tongue • The tongue is a muscle whose primary role is to move food around to the teeth and to mix in saliva.

8. Salivary Glands • Salivary glands produce SALIVA, which contains enzymes to break down starches and lubricate food for swallowing. These chemicals also help kill germs and protect teeth.

9. mouth break up food digest starch kill germs moisten food Review of the functions of the mouth (teeth, tongue, and salivary glands)

10. Check for understanding: I can explain the role of the mouth in the digestive system to others. I understand the role of the mouth in the digestive system. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body. MOUTH

11. The Esophagus • Next, the food lump (bolus) moves down through the esophagus • The esophagus connects the mouth and stomach. • The esophagus pushes from both sides using wave-like contractions to move the food downward.

12. The stomach • The stomach temporarily stores food, agitating (mixing) it. • The stomach contains gastric juices (acid) that helps break down food into a liquid.

13. stomach break up food store food kills germs mouth break up food digest starch kill germs moisten food The Mouth, Esophagus and Stomach Review: esophagus carries food to stomach

14. Check for understanding: I can explain the role of the esophagus and stomach in the digestive system to others. I understand the role of the esophagus and stomach in the digestive system. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body. ESOPHAGUS & STOMACH

15. Small Intestine • From the stomach, the liquefied food enters the small intestine WHERE MOST CHEMICAL DIGESTION TAKES PLACE. • The small intestine receives digestive juices that help further break down the food into nutrients. • The small intestine absorbs valuable nutrients giving them to the bloodstream and passing leftover waste to the large intestine. Small Intestine

16. The Pancreas • The pancreas secretes enzymes that help break down food inside the small intestines. • It also produces a chemical called INSULIN that helps your body use the chemical energy (sugars) found in food. • A malfunction here can cause diabetes Pancreas

17. The liver • The liver produces BILE which helps break down fats in foods. • It also helps remove toxins from the bloodstream! Liver

18. The small intestine, pancreas, and liver working together Produces bile (breaks down fats) and detoxifies the blood Acids break down foods into liquid Food is chemically broken down & absorbed Produces digestive enzymes and insulin which regulates sugar

19. Check for understanding: I can explain the role of the small intestine, liver, and pancreas in the digestive system to others. I understand the role of the small intestine, live, and pancreas in the digestive system. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body. Small Intestine, Liver, Pancreas

20. The large intestine • Reabsorbs water and forms solid waste. • Solid waste moves through large intestine and exits the rectum

21. Activity • We are going to model the movement of food through the digestive system. • Each student may represent an organ or multiple students represent tissues of an organ working together to perform organ function. • Remember to: • Follow directions carefully • Maintain self-control and follow Pinar Expectations • Always move about the classroom safely • Listen for “class” signal to alert for new or important information (pause, respond, and listen quietly) • Learn through FUN… • There will be a reward! All “nutrients” (candy) from the activity will be redistributed to eat after lunch IF the task is completed successfully and the “bloodstream” (teacher) receives everything he/she needs to do so.

22. Functions (and rules) • Brain – direct mouth (1 student) • Mouth • Teeth – use ONLY one hand each to break food into smaller particles (2 students) • Salivary glands – spray food particles to lubricate (1) • Tongue – move particles around, passing to esophagus (1) • Esophagus – pass particles to stomach using only one hand from each side of “tube” (2, 4, 6) • Stomach – agitate food and use acid to break down particles (rip apart grocery bags) (1) • Small Intestine – find useful energy in small particles by finding candies in waste (2-4) • Pancreas – spray small intestine’s work with digestive juices, and give insulin to bloodstream (1) • Liver – produce bile (spray small intestine’s work) and get rid of wastes--bloodstream will give you food with toxins, put toxins back into wastes, give blood back food (1) • Large intestine – reabsorbs water (wipe up and wetness) and disposes of waste into rectum (puts wastes into trash) (2-3)

23. Remember our objective?!?!? MA.5.L.14.1 Objective: I will be able to explain the functions of the organs of the digestive system.

24. Check for understanding: I can evaluate the necessity of a human body organ and justify my reasoning using appropriate vocabulary. I can identify the organs of the human body and describe their functions. I can identify organs of the human body. With help, I can identify organs of the human body.

25. Self-check • Complete the Digestive System Flowmap, doing your best to name the main functions of each organ • This is an individual activity. • Be sure to complete the question at the bottom – we will do a follow-up experiment to test your hypothesis!

26. Bonus - Video

27. Bonus Bonus Video