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The War Begins

The War Begins. Topic 35. Abraham Lincoln is elected President. Republican Party run Abraham Lincoln from Illinois. Democrat Party split: Northern – Stephen Douglas Southern – John Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party - John Bell. The Electoral Map – Election of 1860.

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The War Begins

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  1. The War Begins Topic 35

  2. Abraham Lincoln is elected President • Republican Party run Abraham Lincoln from Illinois. • Democrat Party split: • Northern – Stephen Douglas • Southern – John Breckinridge • Constitutional Union Party - John Bell

  3. The Electoral Map – Election of 1860.

  4. States Secede from the Union • Many in the south are afraid that Lincoln would abolish slavery (even though he said he wouldn’t) • South Carolina secedes first – Dec. 20, 1860 • Next 6 weeks– Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. • Then, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia.

  5. The Confederate States of America • North and Lincoln said to secede was unconstitutional. • These states form a new country: The Confederate States of America. • Elect Jefferson Davis as President. • Lincoln is inaugurated in March, 1861.

  6. Fort Sumter • Federal Fort in Charleston, South Carolina. • South attacks April 12, 1861. • Lincoln sends troops and supplies to help the fort. • Fort Sumter surrenders to the Confederates after 34 hours.

  7. Border States • States that are located between the union and the confederacy. • People were divided on which side to support. • These states were: • Delaware • Maryland • Kentucky • Missouri

  8. Resources in 1860 TOTAL U.S. POPULATION Confederacy Union North had 22 million people South had 5.5 million people TOTAL U.S. MANUFACTURING PLANTS

  9. Resources in 1860 TOTAL U.S. RAILROAD MILES Confederacy Union North had 22,000 miles of railroads South had 9,000 miles of railroads TOTAL U.S. INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

  10. Northern Advantages and Plan • The Union had more: • People • Factories and manufactured supplies for the troops • Railroads, roads and canals, shipyards • Money (better developed system) • Anaconda Plan (General Winfield Scott): • Blockade of Atlantic ports • Gain Control of Mississippi River • Take over Richmond, Virginia (capital)

  11. Southern Advantages and Plan • South had better generals (more southern men attended Westpoint and were interested in military). • Fighting a defensive war • Protecting their children and farms • Knows the landscape • The Plan was Survivor-esque: they just need to outlast the North; get them tired of fighting and the Union troops will go home.

  12. The Average Soldier • Between ages 18 and 30 • These ages were expanded as the war went on) • Nearly half were farmers • Few knew skills when they started. • Horrible hygiene in camp: • Lice and dysentery were common. • Most had a single shot, muzzle loading rifle. • Uniform (USUALLY, NOT ALWAYS!): • Union – blue • Confederates – gray • Both suffered shortages of food, clothing, medical supplies, weapons as the war went on.

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