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Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations. Periodization Acronyms for FRQ’s. “DARTH CRATER CONVERTS GERMS TO IRS MEN W/ RAD CAPES .”. D.A.R.T.H = 8000-600 BCE. Domestication – plants such as wheat, animals such as goats Agriculture – leads to patriarchy, higher pop., disease

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations

  2. Periodization Acronyms for FRQ’s “DARTHCRATERCONVERTSGERMSTO IRS MEN W/ RAD CAPES.”

  3. D.A.R.T.H = 8000-600 BCE Domestication – plants such as wheat, animals such as goats Agriculture – leads to patriarchy, higher pop., disease River Valleys – such as Indus & Nile Trans-regional trade & Technology – Mesopotamia traded w/ Indus; tech such as plows, money (coins), wheel, pottery Hittites & Iron– conquer Mesopotamia

  4. Later Hominids • Homo Erectus, “upright man” • Larger brain capacity (1000 cc), improved tool use, control of fire • Homo Sapiens, “consciously thinking human” • Largest brain, esp. frontal regions • Most sophisticated tools and social organization • Migrations of Homo Erectus and Homo Sapiens

  5. Period of Pre-History • Paleolithic Age • Warming and cooling climates • Control of Fire • Hunter-Forager Society • Roles in Society • Egalitarian • Small distinction between poor and wealthy • Not many layers of leaders • Patriarchal • Religion and Art

  6. Neolithic Age – New Stone Age • Warming Climates • Agriculture • Surplus • Less diversified • Pastoralism • Domestication of plants and animals

  7. Back to Agriculture • Specialization of Labor • Artisans, merchants • Soldiers, religious and political leaders • Writing • Growth of villages, towns, cities • Migration, no more • Surplus > reliable food source • Social Stratification • Occupations – specialized workers • Gender roles – specificity • Spread of Diseases • Proximity; vulnerable; lived in larger groups

  8. Back to Agriculture • Government (?) • Religions(?)

  9. Technological Innovations

  10. Origins and Early Spread of Agriculture

  11. Global spread of hominids and Homo sapiens

  12. Core and Foundational Civilizations • Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent) – Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Egypt – Nile River • India (Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa) - Indus River • China (Shang) – Yellow (Huang He) River • Mesoamerica (Olmecs) – Coatzacoalcos River • Chavin in Andean South America - Mosna and Huachecsa rivers merge

  13. Note Quick Check

  14. The key development that allowed people to begin settling into permanent communities was A) the use of stone tools. B) the advent of the pastoral lifestyle. C) the development of agriculture. D) the invention of writing.

  15. Which generalization best describes where the first four civilizations developed? A) They all emerged on separate continents. B) They all grew up along seacoasts. C) They all developed in the same climate zone. D) They all formed in river valleys.

  16. The development of classes of people specializing in particular types of labor, such as artisans, priests, scribes, and merchants, in early civilizations was more likely made possible by A) the invention of writing B) surplus food C) patriarchal relationships D) trade between groups

  17. Why might historians use 8000 BCE to mark the beginning of a period in human history? A) People began to practice agriculture for the first time. B) People moved out of Africa for the first time. C) People domesticated animals for the first time. D) People developed writing for the first time.

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