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Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

31. Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War. Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War. After World War II: A New International Setting for the West The Resurgence of Western Europe

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Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

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  1. 31 Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

  2. Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War • After World War II: A New International Setting for the West • The Resurgence of Western Europe • Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand • Culture and Society in the West • Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire • Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions

  3. Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

  4. Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

  5. After World War II: A New International Setting for the West • Europe and Its Colonies • Most colonies abandoned • hostility • force necessary • force eschewed • Vietnam • French forced out, 1954

  6. After World War II: A New International Setting for the West • Europe and Its Colonies • Algeria • independence, 1962 • Egypt • Britain, France attack • U.S., Russia force them to withdraw

  7. The Cold War • Eastern block formed • Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany • Marshall Plan, 1947

  8. The Cold War • Germany • allies rebuild, from 1946 • Russian blockade, 1947 • American airlift • split, 1948 • NATO, 1949 • Warsaw Pact

  9. Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948

  10. The Spread of Aryan Settlement • Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo-Aryan family of languages • Arrived in waves from either central Asia or the Iranian plateau, mixed with local people and moved eastward to the Ganges by 1000 B.C.E.

  11. Germany After World War II

  12. The Resurgence of Western Europe • The Spread of Liberal Democracy • Christian Democrats • social reform • Federal Republic of Germany • France • Fifth Republic, 1958 • Portugal, Spain • democratic, parliamentary systems

  13. The Resurgence of Western Europe • The Welfare State • Western Europe • United States, Canada later • unemployment insurance • medicine • housing • family assistance

  14. The European Union

  15. New Challenges to Political Stability • Civil rights movement • Feminism, environmentalism • Green Movement • The Diplomatic Context • European Economic Community, 1958 • Common Market • Single currency, 2001 • euro • European Community, 2002

  16. Economic Expansion • Economic growth • High unemployment elsewhere • workers into Europe, U.S.

  17. Women at Work

  18. Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand • The Former Dominions • Canada • welfare policies • French/English division • 1982, new constitution • Australia, New Zealand • defense pact with U.S., 1951 • take part in Korean War • Australia supports U.S. in Vietnam • from 1970s, more independent

  19. The "U.S. Century"? • 1950s • policy of containment against Soviet Union • Vietnam, 1960s • U.S. withdraws, 1975

  20. Culture and Society in the West • Social Structure • White-collar sector expands • Crime rates increase • Racism, anti-immigration conflict

  21. Culture and Society in the West • The Women's Revolution • 1950s • more education • job opportunities • access to divorce • reproductive rights • Simone de • The Second Sex, 1949 • Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

  22. Culture and Society in the West • Western Culture • "Brain drain" to U.S. • Genetics, nuclear, space research • Pop art • Pablo Picasso • A Lively Popular Culture • Vitality in popular culture

  23. Europe After World War II:A Soviet Empire • The Soviet Union as Superpower • Expands in Pacific • Pacific Islands, North Korea • Influence via aid • Chinese, Vietnamese communism • Nationalists in Africa, Middle East, Asia • Cuba • alliance

  24. The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • Dominance of all but Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia • East Germans protest, 1953 • suppressed • Berlin Wall, 1961 • to stop flight to west

  25. The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • After 1956, death of Stalin • Hungary, Poland • moderate regimes • Hungary crushed • Czechoslovakia • liberal regime • suppressed, 1968

  26. The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • Poland • Army takes control, 1970s

  27. Evolution of Domestic Policies • Cultural isolation

  28. Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions • Orthodox Church • state control • Jews restricted • Party ideals dictate art • literature retains vitality • Alexander Solzhenitsyn

  29. Economy and Society • Industrialization by 1950s • state control

  30. Economy and Society • De-Stalinization • Kruschev, 1956 • attacks Stalinism • followed by stagnation • Space, arms race • Rift with China, 1950s • Invasion of Afghanistan

  31. Global Connections:The Cold War and the World • The cold war dominates much of the history of the period from1945 to 1992 • Some countries profit • Commonalities • Secularism • Emphasis on science • Challenges to social conventions

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