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The Relationship Between Papal Authority and Royal Power in the Middle Ages

This quote by Pope Innocent III illustrates the crucial hierarchical relationship between papal authority and royal power during the Middle Ages. The moon symbolizes the royal power, which derives its dignity from the sunlight of papal authority, representing the Church's supreme influence. This dynamic led to various conflicts, such as the famous power struggles between popes and kings over the right to appoint bishops, exemplified by the excommunication of Henry IV by Pope Gregory VII. These tensions highlight the complex interplay of power that defined the era.

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The Relationship Between Papal Authority and Royal Power in the Middle Ages

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  1. Do Now Explain the meaning of this quote: “Just as the moon gets her light from the sun, and is inferior to the sun in quality, quantity, position, and effect, so the royal power gets the splendor of its dignity from the papal authority”. Pope Innocent III

  2. Popes & KingsChapter 18 Section 1 • Big Idea: Popes & Kings dominated society in the Middle Ages

  3. Power of the Popes & Power of Kingsby 1000 AD Both respected & admired

  4. Popes fight for power & Clash • A series of popes wanted to increase authority over eastern bishops • 1054- Pope Leo IX- excommunicated eastern bishops (Byzantine) • Argued the 1st pope was Saint Peter leader of the Christian church, popes should follow him • Created a permanent split b/w Orthodox Church & Catholic Church • Power struggles- kings thought they should appoint bishops in their countries • 1073 Pope Gregory VII disapproved of Henry IV (HRE) choice of bishop in the Holy Roman Empire • Henry angry at Gregory, Gregory excommunicated Henry, Henry apologized, Pope more power than Emperor, compromise

  5. Open textbook to page 525 & 526 (Map & Primary Source activity) • With a partner please interpret the map on page 525 & answer the two questions below the map of Europe. • With a partner please read & answer the question regarding the primary source reading on page 526

  6. Review • With a person sitting next to you discuss the answers to these questions below: • 1.) Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate? • 2.) How did becoming a king in England & France differ from how it was done in the Holy Roman Empire? • 3.) Predict what might have happened if Leo IX had not excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople? • 4.) What compromise solved the conflict over who had the right to choose bishops?

  7. Classwork / Homework • Classwork: Section Summary Handout (Chapter 18 Section 1) • Homework: pg. 524 identify key terms & people & pg. 527 #1-4

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