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The Essential Properties of Water: Foundation of Life and Its Unique Characteristics

Water is vital for all life, comprising 70% of the human body and existing in all three phases. As a triatomic molecule made of three atoms, water exhibits polarity and unique properties due to hydrogen bonding. These properties include high surface tension, low vapor pressure, high specific heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, and a high boiling point. The surface tension allows water to behave like a skin, enabling phenomena like overfilling glasses. Water's characteristics are crucial for regulating temperatures in our environment, making it essential for life.

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The Essential Properties of Water: Foundation of Life and Its Unique Characteristics

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  1. Chapter 17 Section 1 Liquid Water and Its Properties: -it is foundation of all life -makes up 70% of body of humans -can exist in all three phases -Water is a triatomic molecule made up of three atoms -Water is polar -bonding e- shared unequally *caused by electronegativity diff.

  2. -Many properties of water are due to hydrogen bonding -water has strong intermolecular bonds between the hydrogen atoms and it is very difficult to break these bonds

  3. Properties Resulting From H-Bonding • high surface tension • low vapor pressure • high specific heat capacity • high heat of vaporization • high boiling point

  4. Surface Properties -surface of water acts as a skin -page 476, fig. 17.4 -can overfill a glass -both are explained by surface tension: -inward force or pull that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid -holds water in shape of sphere -can be reduced by adding a surfactant: interferes with hydrogen bonding ex- soap

  5. Low Vapor Pressure vapor pressure- pressure right above the surface of a liquid, caused by molecules escaping to gas phase -b/c of H-bonding the molecules cannot escape as easily so vapor pressure is low -if not lakes, ponds, oceans would easily evaporate

  6. High Specific Heat Capacity specific heat- amount of heat needed to raise temp. of 1g of a substance 1°C *due to H-bonding -pool vs. car surface -this property helps regulate temps

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