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Ch. 14 Sec. 1 Dictators and War

Ch. 14 Sec. 1 Dictators and War. Objectives. Explain how dictators an militaristic regimes arose in several countries in the 1930s Summarize the actions taken by aggressive regimes in Europe and Asia Analyze the responses of Britain, France, and the U.S. to the aggressive regimes.

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Ch. 14 Sec. 1 Dictators and War

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  1. Ch. 14 Sec. 1Dictators and War

  2. Objectives • Explain how dictators an militaristic regimes arose in several countries in the 1930s • Summarize the actions taken by aggressive regimes in Europe and Asia • Analyze the responses of Britain, France, and the U.S. to the aggressive regimes

  3. Peace Unravels • 1918-WWI ends • 1919-27 nations meet-Treaty of Versailles • Germany resented treaty • Italy and Japan expected more land • Totalitarianism-theory of govt in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people.

  4. Soviet Union • 1917-1st totalitarian state (Lenin) • Stalin took power in 1924 • Cruel and ruthless • Wanted to turn SU into industrial power and create state-run collective farms– Great Terror • Purged Communist party of traitors

  5. Italy • Didn’t get land on Adriatic coast after WWI from division of Austria-Hungary • Post-war depression • Benito Mussolini • Fascist Party • Followers known as Black Shirts • Outlawed political parties, took over press, secret police, suppressed strikes

  6. Germany • After WWI-democracy, the Weimar Republic • Severe economic trouble and anger over Treaty of Versailles • Rise of Nazi party…National Socialist German Workers Party • Adolf Hitler • Opposed the “ism” parties that promoted workers rights or class interests over German ethnic solidarity

  7. Hitler Cont… • Book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)-national best seller! • Stated his explanations for problems in Germany • Criticized many people, political programs/ideologies, and mostly Jews • Anti-Semitic-prejudice against Jews • 1938-Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany

  8. What Next? 1938The Western European democracies looked on helplessly as Nazi Germany swallowed up Austria and part of Czechoslovakia in 1938, and Hitler’s juggernaut seemed unstoppable.

  9. Japan • 1920s-Democracy…ended in 1930s with Depression • Military leaders argued expansion throughout Asia would solve economic troubles • 1931-Manchuria • 1937-took control of Chinese rails • Did not become a totalitarian dictatorship, stayed constitutional monarchy

  10. Dictators Turn to Aggression • League of Nations • Weak b/c America didn’t join, no army, “long on words, short in action” • Hitler • Restored army and nullified Treaty of Versailles • Wanted to expand, 1935 seized Saar, 1936 Rhineland • Mussolini • 1935 invaded Ethiopia

  11. Appeasement • Policy of France and Britain against aggressive nations • Granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope it will maintain peace • Caused fascist leaders to become more aggressive • Hitler- • Austria-no choice, union called Anschluss • Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) • Munich Conference-Munich Pact

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