1 / 19

Mineral Oils - Nature’s Synthesis

Cyclic/Aromatic. Paraffinic. Low cost. Big mixture. Mineral Oil. Mineral Oils - Nature’s Synthesis. Mineral oil refining removes many of the least desirable components (e.g. aromatics, waxes) and modifies the rest (e.g. hyrofinishing , hydrodewaxing and/or hydroprocessing ).

barbra
Télécharger la présentation

Mineral Oils - Nature’s Synthesis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cyclic/Aromatic Paraffinic Low cost Big mixture Mineral Oil Mineral Oils - Nature’s Synthesis Mineral oil refining removes many of the least desirable components (e.g. aromatics, waxes) and modifies the rest (e.g. hyrofinishing, hydrodewaxing and/or hydroprocessing)

  2. Base Stock Component Properties ParaffinsIso-ParaffinsNaphthenes Aromatics VIvery high high medium/low lowest Pour pointhigh low lower lowest Tractionlowest low medium/high medium/high Volatilitylow low higher highest Solvencypoor fair good excellent Oxidationgood good lower easily Resistanceresistance oxidized

  3. Synthetic Base stocks • Synthesized hydrocarbons • Synthesized non-hydrocarbons (typically containing oxygen atoms)

  4. Synthesized hydrocarbons • Polyalphaolefins • Polybutenes • Alkylated aromatics • Cycloaliphatics

  5. Polyalphaolefins (PAO) • Chain molecular structures synthesized from ethylene polymerization • High VI and high oxidation stability • Low pour point, traction and volatility • Best as engine base stock. Most popular PAO is polydecenes, which is the base stock of Mobil 1

  6. Polymerization of ethylene

  7. Polymerization R - CH CH2 - CH H R - CH = CH2 x Hydrogenation CH3 R Hydrogenated trimers,tetramers, etc. Alpha-olefins PAO Manufacture 1-Decene Polydecene “Ideal” Actual

  8. Synthetic Polyalphaolefin (PAO) Hydrogenated Polydecene

  9. Synthetic Lubricants Catalytic Polymerization Crude Oil 1-Decene Atmospheric Distillation Sales & Marketing Distillation Distillation Cracker Feed Alphaolefins Catalytic Cracking Catalytic Polymerization Hydrogenation Blending Light Olefins Ethylene Polydecene Separation Formulation Additives From Crude Oil to Synthetic Lubricants • Synthetics are usually sourced from crude oil • Many manufacturing steps result in high cost

  10. On sale at Walmart for $5.00

  11. Polybutenes • Synthezied through controlled polymerization of butenesand isobutenes • High dielectrics constant – electrical insulating oils • Low thermal stability – metal working and compressor lubes to decompose to gases • High molecular weight polybutenes or polyisobutenes are used as VI improvers

  12. Alkylated aromatics • Synthesized from alkylation of benzenes • Very low pour point and low viscosity – subzero temperature applications

  13. Cycloaliphatics • Synthesized naphthenes, multi-ring-structured molecules • Develop a glasslike structure under high stresses to yield high traction • Used as traction-drive fluids, also used in rolling bearings to reduce roller skidding

  14. Synthesized non-hydrocarbons • Organic esters • Polyglycols • Phosphate esters • Silicate esters • Polyphenylesters

  15. Organic esters • Dibasic acid esters: • Polyol esters: Wide temperature range and good thermal stability Used as base stocks for essentially all jet engine lubes

  16. Polyglycols • The largest single class of synthetic lubricant bases • High VI and low pour point • Used mainly as brake fluids and hydraulic fluids

  17. Phosphate esters • High fire resistance • Used mainly as hydraulic fluids and compressor lubes • Also used as antiwear additives by its formation of phosphide films on metal surfaces

  18. Silicate ester • Extremely high VI > 300 • Used mainly as heat exchanger fluids

  19. Polyphenylesters • Most thermally and oxidatively stable • Used mainly as heat transfer fluids

More Related