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Northwest Territory

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a crucial achievement under the Articles of Confederation, establishing a framework for orderly expansion of the United States into the Northwest Territory. This legislation allowed Congress to sell land to raise revenue while addressing disputes over western land claims. It outlined procedures for creating new states and guaranteed rights such as trial by jury, public education, and freedom of religion. The Ordinance laid the foundation for five future states and set a precedent for the nation’s growth and governance.

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Northwest Territory

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  1. Northwest Territory • One of the most important accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation • Planned to sell land to raise revenue • By 1784, a plethora of individuals moved westward • Caused problems with Native Americans • Federal leaders could not afford to fight wars; decided to regulate settlement

  2. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787

  3. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • CONFEDERATION: a group of loosely joined, but sovereign states.

  4. Problem: Many states made claims to the western lands (Northwest Territory). Boundaries of the Northwest Territory:Great Lakes (north), Pennsylvania (east), Ohio River (south), Mississippi River (west) THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  5. Solution to the Problem: All states agreed to cede (give) their claims to Congress, so Congress can sell the land for the good of the country (confederation). NATIONAL DOMAIN – Public land THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  6. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • LAND ORDINANCE of 1785:Congress’s plan to sell the land of the Northwest Territory. • Rectangular Survey System –carefully surveyed the land into squares to be sold.

  7. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Township –the largest division of land. It is thirty-six square miles. Township 6 MILES

  8. Townships

  9. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Section –36 sections in a township. It is one square mile or 640 acres. Section

  10. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Acre –the smallest division of land. It sold for $1 per acre. The average size farmwas 40 acres. So, it sold for $40. Lions 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 ACRE

  11. Education– the sale from one section of each township goes to start a school for that township. How much went for education? Answer: $640 THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  12. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787this document establishes… • the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States.

  13. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 • Statehood: • When the population reaches 5,000 adult males the area can: • Establish an elected assembly • Governor still had absolute veto power

  14. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 • When the population reaches 60,000 adult males the area can: • can write a state constitution and apply for statehood. • If Congress approves the state Constitution that area will become a state.

  15. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Minnesota Ohio (1803) Five states: Indiana (1816) Michigan Wisconsin Illinois (1818) Michigan (1837) Illinois Ohio Wisconsin (1848) Indiana

  16. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Rights Guaranteed: • Trial by jury • Public education • Freedom of religion • Prohibition of slavery

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