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OUTBREAK!

OUTBREAK!. Pandemics and Emerging Diseases SBI 4UI Mrs. Tuma. Population Health. mortality rate (deaths) - by age group - infant/maternal mortality as key indicators morbidity – how many people are ill/affected

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OUTBREAK!

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  1. OUTBREAK! Pandemics and Emerging Diseases SBI 4UI Mrs. Tuma

  2. Population Health • mortality rate (deaths) • - by age group • - infant/maternal mortality as key indicators • morbidity – how many people are ill/affected • - some diseases may leave lasting effects • - significant economic impact • http://www.who.int/en/

  3. Population Health • Disease in Developing Countries • - infectious disease widespread • - population distribution shows effects • Disease in Developed Countries • - infectious disease still prevalent BUT… • - chronic and lifestyle diseases take over • (e.g.: cancer, diabetes, heart disease)

  4. What does that mean? • Endemic – disease is limited to a particular region eg: malaria • Epidemic – disease has many cases above a baseline amount • Pandemic- worldwide spread across continents - WHO has a 6-stage classification system - must be infectious

  5. A Look Back • 1341-1400 Black Plague in Europe • http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Health/20111012/black-death-plague-genome-sequenced-111012/ • 1781-1799 Jenner introduces vaccination • 1861-1880 Joseph Lister practices antiseptic surgery • 1881-1899 Pasteur vaccinates against rabies Discovered that mosquitoes carry malaria

  6. A Look Back • 1918 Spanish flu (H1N1) pandemic kills 20-40 million people • 1920 Fleming discovers penicillin • 1941 Antibiotic use begins • 1955 Polio vaccine developed

  7. A Look Back • 1957 “Asian flu” (H2N2) • 1969 “Hong Kong flu” (H3N2) • 1970 Smallpox erradicated • 1981 First cases of AIDS appear in N.A. • 2003 SARS • 2009 H1N1 pandemic • Avian flu – the next pandemic? (first human infection in 1997– no direct human-human transmission)

  8. http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/_UNDEFINED_VALUE_/20090424/swine_flu_090424/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/_UNDEFINED_VALUE_/20090424/swine_flu_090424/

  9. Anatomy of a Pandemic • Disease spread easily, often by droplets • Most severe strains appear after jumping species (i.e.: birds, pigs) • Flu-like symptoms may be more severe in some

  10. Controlling the Pandemic • Quarentine the infected • Supportive care (hydration, respiratory support) • Antivirals (i.e.: Tamiflu) http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2012/01/17/tamiflu.html • Cancel public events, close schools • Immunization

  11. Other Diseases on the Radar • HIV/AIDS • SARS • West Nile • Malaria • Dengue Fever

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